Carmilla / In a Glass Darkly
J. Sheridan Le Fanu
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This is a large collection of ghost stories and Gothic tales by Sheridan Le Fanu. Many come from his Irish storytelling, such as the bonesetter who meets a ghost and the painter Schalken and his strange suitor. The collection also holds the 1872 stories of In a Glass Darkly, framed as the case papers of the occult doctor Martin Hesselius. In Green Tea a clergyman is followed by a demonic monkey, The Familiar tells of a Dublin sea captain stalked by a watcher, and Carmilla follows Laura, a young woman in a Styrian castle befriended by a female vampire.
Where it happens

- Dublin Le Fanu was born in Dominick Street Lower in 1814, and the sea captain of The Familiar lives here.24
- Trinity College Dublin Le Fanu took his BA here.2
- Chapelizod The village beside Phoenix Park that appears in Le Fanu's later stories.2
- Merrion Square, Dublin After 1851 Le Fanu and his wife moved into her parents' former house here.2
- Styria Carmilla is set in a castle in this Austrian province.3
Through time
- 1814Sheridan Le Fanu is born in Dublin on 28 August.2
- 1838Le Fanu starts writing stories for the Dublin University Magazine, including his first ghost story, The Ghost and the Bone-Setter.2
- 1864Uncle Silas, one of his best-known novels, appears.2
- 1871Carmilla begins to run in the magazine The Dark Blue, ending in 1872.3
- 1872In a Glass Darkly, with Carmilla, is published by Richard Bentley and Son.34
- 1873Le Fanu dies on 7 February.2
- 1880The Purcell Papers, with thirteen lesser-known tales, appear after his death.2
Who is in it, and behind it
Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu author
Irish writer of Gothic horror, born in Dublin in 1814 and owner of several local newspapers by 1840.2
Dr. Martin Hesselius character
The fictional occult detective whose posthumous papers frame the five stories of In a Glass Darkly.34
Carmilla character
The vampire who is taken into Laura's family after a carriage accident.3
Laura character
The young narrator of Carmilla, who lives in an Austrian castle in Styria.3
Mr. Jennings character
The clergyman of Green Tea who is followed by a monkey only he can see.4
Elijah Harbottle character
A cruel judge of the Court of Common Pleas who is attacked by vengeful spirits.4
M. R. James subject
Ghost-story writer who ranked Le Fanu in the first rank and thought The Familiar his best ghost story.12
Bram Stoker subject
Author of Dracula (1897), influenced by Carmilla.3
What it is about
Case-file framing of the supernatural
The In a Glass Darkly stories are presented as papers of Dr. Hesselius, so ghosts are treated as cases to analyse.34
Haunting as mind and conscience
In Green Tea and The Familiar the haunting is psychological as well as supernatural, tied to a mind or a past sin.4
Prototype of the female vampire
Carmilla is seen as the literary model for later female vampires and predated Dracula by 25 years.3
Irish folklore and landscape
Le Fanu grew up amid folklore and rural landscape, which fed his early tales.2
In its own words
You will no doubt be surprised, my dear friend, at the subject of the following narrative. What had I to do with Schalken, or Schalken with me? He had returned to his native land, and was probably dead and buried, before I was born; I never visited Holland nor spoke with a native of that country
It is not worth telling, this story of mine—at least, not worth writing. Told, indeed, as I have sometimes been called upon to tell it, to a circle of intelligent and eager faces, lighted up by a good after-dinner fire on a winter’s evening, with a cold wind rising and wailing outside, and all snug and cosy within, it has gone off—though I say it, who should not—indifferent well
The Rev. Mr. Jennings is tall and thin. He is middle-aged, and dresses with a natty, old-fashioned, high-church precision
now to perceive an outline of something black, and I soon saw with tolerable distinctness the outline of a small black monkey, pushing its face forward in mimicry to meet mine; those were its eyes, and I now dimly saw its teeth grinning at me
In Styria, we, though by no means magnificent people, inhabit a castle, or schloss . A small income, in that part of the world, goes a great way. Eight or nine hundred a year does wonders
Sometimes after an hour of apathy, my strange and beautiful companion would take my hand and hold it with a fond pressure, renewed again and again; blushing softly, gazing in my face with languid and burning eyes, and breathing so fast that her dress rose and fell with the tumultuous respiration
But after all these proceedings according to law,” he continued—“so many graves opened, and so many vampires deprived of their horrible animation—the village was not relieved
Captain Barton was apparently some two or three-and-forty years of age.
The shape of the book
120 chapters, 361,866 words. Point at a bar.
How it came to be here
Le Fanu, born in Dublin in 1814, began publishing ghost stories in the Dublin University Magazine in 1838 and became a leading Victorian writer of the genre. Carmilla ran in the magazine The Dark Blue in 1871 and 1872, and In a Glass Darkly appeared from Richard Bentley and Son in 1872, a year before his death. Critics later revived his work, and M. R. James held him in very high regard. Carmilla came about 25 years before Dracula. The site carries the Standard Ebooks Short Fiction collection, a large gathering of his stories.
Free to read elsewhere
- Standard Ebooks this edition
- Open Library search editions you can borrow or read
- HathiTrust search full-view scans
- Project Gutenberg search
Sources
- Short Fiction by J. Sheridan Le Fanu, Standard Ebooks
- Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu (Wikipedia)
- Carmilla (Wikipedia)
- In a Glass Darkly (Wikipedia)
Text: Standard Ebooks 'Short Fiction' collection (364,154 words), contains Carmilla, Green Tea, The Familiar, Mr. Justice Harbottle and others; transcribed from PG 11610, 11699, 11700, 12592, 12647, 37172, 509, 510, 511. Standalone: PG 10007 (Carmilla); PG 37172-37174 (In a Glass Darkly, 3 vols). CC0 (Standard Ebooks); text US public domain.
Also from Long Room, Trinity College
- Book of Kellsc. 800TCD MS 58catalogue record
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- A Modest ProposalJonathan Swiftread here
- A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human KnowledgeGeorge Berkeleyread here
- A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and BeautifulEdmund Burkeread here
- Gulliver's TravelsJonathan Swift1726read here
- The Vicar of WakefieldOliver Goldsmith1766read here
- DraculaBram Stokerread here