The Wind in the Willows
Kenneth Grahame, 1908
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A Mole leaves his spring cleaning, meets a river for the first time and befriends the Water Rat. Together they row, picnic and visit the vain, car-mad Toad, whose passions end with him in prison. The animals face the Wild Wood, where Badger lives, and an odd night search for Otter's lost son brings them close to the god Pan. In the last chapters Toad escapes disguised as a washerwoman, and his friends retake Toad Hall from the stoats and weasels who have moved in.
Where it happens
Through time
- 1900Alastair, Grahame's only child, is born.1
- 1908The book is published by Methuen, with Scribner in the US; Grahame retires from the Bank of England.1
- 1909Theodore Roosevelt writes to Grahame about the book.1
- 1929A. A. Milne's stage version Toad of Toad Hall is produced; the book is in its 31st printing.1
- 1931E. H. Shepard illustrates the book.1
- 1951The book has reached 100 editions in Britain.1
- 1967Pink Floyd name an album after chapter 7, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn.1
Who is in it, and behind it
Kenneth Grahame author
Retired from the Bank of England in 1908, the year the book appeared.1
Alastair Grahame subject
Grahame's only child, born 1900, for whom the first tales and letters were written.1
Mole character
Leaves his home for the river and becomes Rat's friend.1
Rat character
A river dweller who takes Mole in and later helps rescue Toad.1
Toad character
Wealthy owner of Toad Hall, known to friends as Toady.1
Badger character
A fearless fighter who helps clear the Wild-Wooders from Toad Hall.1
Pan character
The wild god who appears once, in chapter 7, and looks after Portly.1
E. H. Shepard subject
Illustrated the book in 1931.1
Theodore Roosevelt subject
Wrote to Grahame about the book in 1909.1
What it is about
Home against the wild
The cosy river bank is set against the dangerous Wild Wood, with Toad Hall in between as the home to win back.1
Friendship and loyalty
Rat, Mole and Badger keep rescuing a boastful friend and help him recover his house.1
A god among the reeds
Chapter 7 gives Pan a single quiet appearance, apart from the comic Toad plot.1
Stories that began aloud
The book grew out of bedtime tales and letters to a child.1
In its own words
The Mole was bewitched, entranced, fascinated.
“And beyond the Wild Wood again?” he asked; “where it’s all blue and dim, and one sees what may be hills or perhaps they mayn’t, and something like the smoke of towns, or is it only cloud-drift?” “Beyond the Wild Wood comes the Wide World,” said the Rat.
Little Portly is missing again; and you know what a lot his father thinks of him, though he never says much about it.” “What, that child?” said the Mole lightly.
Now the gaoler had a daughter, a pleasant wench and good-hearted, who assisted her father in the lighter duties of his post.
What haven’t I heard?” “Do you mean to tell me,” shouted the Rat, thumping with his little fist upon the table, “that you’ve heard nothing about the Stoats and Weasels?” “What, the Wild Wooders?” cried Toad, trembling in every limb.
You know I shouldn’t like you to blame me afterwards and say I had forgotten anything !” When all was quite ready, the Badger took a dark lantern in one paw, grasped his great stick with the other, and said, “Now then, follow me!
The shape of the book
12 chapters, 58,401 words. Point at a bar.
How it came to be here
Kenneth Grahame published the book in 1908 with Methuen in Britain and Scribner in the United States. It grew from bedtime stories and letters about a toad that he sent to his young son Alastair, who was born in 1900. Grahame retired from the Bank of England in 1908 and moved to Blewbury in Berkshire. Theodore Roosevelt wrote to him about the book in 1909. By 1951 it had reached 100 editions in Britain. E. H. Shepard illustrated it in 1931.
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Sources
Text: PG 289. CC0 (Standard Ebooks).
