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Volsunga Saga

Anonymous, c. 13th c.

Held by Project Gutenberg, PG 1152read here

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The Volsunga Saga is an Old Norse prose saga of the Volsung family. It begins with Sigi, a son of Odin, and runs through Sigmund, Sinfjotli and Sigurd. Sigurd slays the dragon Fafnir, wins gold and wakes the valkyrie Brynhild. Through the schemes of Grimhild he marries Gudrun instead. Brynhild has him killed, and Gudrun's marriage to Atli ends in feud and fire. This edition adds translated excerpts from the Poetic Edda.

Where it happens

  1. Ramsund, Sweden Site of a carving of Sigurd's story, dated about 1000 CE.2
  2. Denmark Kingdom named repeatedly in the saga.1
  3. Norway Land named repeatedly in the saga.1

Through time

  1. 450Huns destroy the Burgundian kingdom, an event the saga echoes (approximate)2
  2. 1000Ramsund carving made (approximate)2
  3. 1030Alternative dating of the Ramsund carving, about 10302
  4. 1290Saga written in the late 13th century (approximate)2

Who is in it, and behind it

Sigi Founder

Son of Odin and first of the line in chapter one.1

Sigmund Volsung

Father of Sigurd; wields the sword later reforged as Gram.1

Sigurd Hero

Slays Fafnir and wakes Brynhild.1

Brynhild Valkyrie

Her wrath leads to Sigurd's death.1

Gudrun Wife

Marries Sigurd, then Atli.1

Atli King

Invites the Giukings to a fatal feast.1

What it is about

Fate and vengeance

Revenge drives each generation of the family.1

The cursed gold

Fafnir's hoard brings ruin on its owners.1

Heroic honor

Characters speak of reward and loyalty in formal terms.1

Women as agents

Brynhild and Gudrun shape the plot.1

In its own words

Here begins the tale, and tells of a man who was named Sigi, and called of men the son of Odin; another man withal is told of in the tale, hight Skadi, a great man and mighty of his hands; yet was Sigi the mightier and the higher of kin, according to the speech of men of that time.
CHAPTER I. Of Sigi, the Son of Odin.. Opening of the saga proper, with Sigi. Read on
Now Sigurd went to the kings, and spake thus— "Here have I abode a space with you, and I owe you thanks and reward, for great love and many gifts and all due honour; but now will I away from the land and go meet the sons of Hunding, and do them to wit that the Volsungs are not all dead; and your might would I have to strengthen me therein."
CHAPTER XVII. Of Sigurd's Avenging of Sigmund his Father.: Now Sigurd went to the kings, and spake thus—. Sigurd leaves to avenge his father. Read on
"Hreidmar was my father's name, a mighty man and a wealthy: and his first son was named Fafnir, his second Otter, and I was the third, and the least of them all both for prowess and good conditions, but I was cunning to work in iron, and silver, and gold, whereof I could make matters that availed somewhat.
CHAPTER XIV. Regin's tale of his Brothers, and of the Gold called Andvari's Hoard.. Regin begins the story of the gold. Read on
Awake, Brynhild! The sun shineth now over all the house, and thou hast slept enough; cast off grief from thee, and take up gladness!" She said, "And how then hast thou dared to come to me? in this treason none was worse to me than thou." Said Sigurd, "Why wilt thou not speak to folk? for what cause sorrowest thou?" Brynhild answers, "Ah, to thee will I tell of my wrath!"
CHAPTER XXIX. Of Brynhild's great Grief and Mourning.. Sigurd wakes the shield-maiden. Read on
Now tells the tale that on a night King Atli woke from sleep and spake to Gudrun— "Medreamed," said he, "that thou didst thrust me through with a sword." Then Gudrun areded the dream, and said that it betokened fire, whenas folk dreamed of iron. "It befalls of thy pride belike, in that thou deemest thyself the first of men."
CHAPTER XXXIV. Atli bids the Giukings to him.: Now tells the tale that on a night King Atli woke from sleep and spake to Gudrun—. Atli's dream foreshadows the feud. Read on

The shape of the book

56 chapters, 56,914 words. Point at a bar.

How it came to be here

The saga was written in the late 13th century and is based on poems of the Elder Edda. It echoes the destruction of the Burgundians by the Huns in the fifth century. The Ramsund carving in Sweden, from about 1000 CE, shows scenes from Sigurd's story, which suggests the tale was known well before the saga was written. Sigurd's sword Gram is mended from the shards of Sigmund's blade.

Free to read elsewhere

Sources

  1. The Volsunga Saga (Project Gutenberg)
  2. Völsunga saga (Wikipedia)

Text: PG 1152. US public domain (Project Gutenberg licence).

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