[ { "id": "f-0nbz19f", "lib": "loc", "field": "built", "value": "1890-1897 (opened to public 1897)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Building", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The Library opened to the public in 1897 and the finishing work was completed in 1898.", "earliest": 1890, "latest": 1897 }, { "id": "f-0zp9hrq", "lib": "loc", "field": "architect", "value": "Smithmeyer & Pelz; Edward Pearce Casey; Bernard R. Green (supt); Army Corps of Engineers (Thomas L. Casey)", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/dc0221/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Related Names: Smithmeyer & Pelz; Casey, Edward P; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Casey, Thomas L; Green, Bernard R; Perry, Roland Hinton" }, { "id": "f-1h61ni0", "lib": "nypl", "field": "built", "value": "1900-1911 (Carrere & Hastings)", "source": "https://hdc.org/buildings/new-york-public-library-stephen-a-schwarzman-building-interiors-main-reading-room-and-catalog-room/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "ARCHITECT: Carrere & Hastings DATE: 1900-11 ... Main Reading Room is 297-feet long and 78-feet wide.", "earliest": 1900, "latest": 1911 }, { "id": "f-1upv9qz", "lib": "nypl", "field": "architect", "value": "Carrere & Hastings", "source": "https://hdc.org/buildings/new-york-public-library-stephen-a-schwarzman-building-interiors-main-reading-room-and-catalog-room/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "ARCHITECT: Carrere & Hastings" }, { "id": "f-1bf1jz4", "lib": "nypl", "field": "dims", "value": "297 ft x 78 ft (90.5 x 23.8 m)", "source": "https://hdc.org/buildings/new-york-public-library-stephen-a-schwarzman-building-interiors-main-reading-room-and-catalog-room/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the nearly two-block long Main Reading Room is 297-feet long and 78-feet wide." }, { "id": "f-0ij0ljh", "lib": "bpl", "field": "built", "value": "1895 (McKim Building completed)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The McKim Building, designed by Charles Follen McKim and completed in 1895, houses the BPL's research collection.", "earliest": 1895, "latest": 1895 }, { "id": "f-1jqw8w9", "lib": "bpl", "field": "architect", "value": "Charles Follen McKim (McKim, Mead & White)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "designed by Charles Follen McKim and completed in 1895" }, { "id": "f-11bsyj5", "lib": "bpl", "field": "dims", "value": "218 x 42 (42.5) x 50 ft = 66.4 x 12.8 x 15.2 m, to top of barrel vault", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231221161430/https://guides.bpl.org/mckim/bateshall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "it is 218 long, 42 feet wide, and 50 feet high, to the top of its barrel vaulted ceiling and created from Ohio sandstone." }, { "id": "f-05gk1ay", "lib": "peabody", "field": "built", "value": "opened 1878", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://www.library.jhu.edu/library-hours/george-peabody-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The library building opened in 1878 and was designed by Baltimore architect Edmund G. Lind, in collaboration with ... Dr. Nathaniel H. Morison.", "earliest": 1878, "latest": 1878 }, { "id": "f-1ndxbt0", "lib": "peabody", "field": "architect", "value": "Edmund G. Lind, with Nathaniel H. Morison", "source": "https://www.library.jhu.edu/library-hours/george-peabody-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "designed by Baltimore architect Edmund G. Lind, in collaboration with the Peabody Institute's first provost, Dr. Nathaniel H. Morison" }, { "id": "f-0eaisdv", "lib": "peabody", "field": "dims", "value": "Five tiers of cast-iron balconies rising to a skylight 61 ft (18.6 m) above the floor", "source": "https://www.library.jhu.edu/library-hours/george-peabody-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "five tiers of ornamental cast-iron balconies, which rise dramatically to the skylight 61 feet above the floor." }, { "id": "f-0ztl2yl", "lib": "peabody", "field": "volumes", "value": "300,000", "source": "https://www.library.jhu.edu/library-hours/george-peabody-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The library contains 300,000 volumes, mainly from the 19th century" }, { "id": "f-15vzica", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "built", "value": "construction Dec 1859 - opened 28 Feb 1876; architects Thomas Fuller & Chilion Jones", "source": "https://hillnotes.ca/2026/02/26/the-library-of-parliament-150-years-of-history/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "opened on 28 February 1876", "earliest": 1859, "latest": 1876 }, { "id": "f-0gjl1bq", "lib": "gabinete", "field": "built", "value": "1880-1887", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Portuguese_Cabinet_of_Reading", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "designed by the Portuguese architect Rafael da Silva e Castro, was erected between 1880 and 1887 in Neo-Manueline style.", "earliest": 1880, "latest": 1887 }, { "id": "f-1kusv96", "lib": "gabinete", "field": "architect", "value": "Rafael da Silva (e) Castro", "source": "https://www.realgabinete.com.br/O-Real-Gabinete/Sobre-o-Real-Gabinete/Historia", "tier": "primary", "quote": "O projeto escolhido foi o do arquiteto portugues Rafael da Silva Castro, com seu traco neomanuelino" }, { "id": "f-0s58l52", "lib": "gabinete", "field": "volumes", "value": "about 350,000", "source": "https://www.realgabinete.com.br/Biblioteca/Apresentacao", "tier": "primary", "quote": "acervo, inteiramente informatizado, da ordem de 350.000 volumes" }, { "id": "f-19p7ggk", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "built", "value": "opened 31 March 1928; west wing added 1932", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Officially opened on 31 March 1928 in the presence of Prince Eugen", "earliest": 1928, "latest": 1928 }, { "id": "f-000ko35", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "architect", "value": "Gunnar Asplund", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "designed by Swedish architect Gunnar Asplund" }, { "id": "f-1cmecp1", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "status_note", "value": "closed 20 June 2024 for renovation until early 2028 (temporary site Spelbomskan, Odengatan 59)", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2025/https://biblioteket.stockholm.se/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Den 20 juni 2024 stängde Stadsbiblioteket för renovering och håller stängt till början av 2028." }, { "id": "f-0v4izo9", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "collection", "value": "650,000 items covering hundreds of years of parliamentary history", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Parliament", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The library's collection comprises 650,000 items, covering hundreds of years of history" }, { "id": "f-1sf9dr4", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "collection", "value": "Survived the 1916 Centre Block fire; clerk Michael MacCormac secured the library's iron doors before the fire could spread", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Parliament", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the library clerk at the time, Michael MacCormac, secured the library's iron doors before the fire could spread" }, { "id": "f-1313dcb", "lib": "nypl", "field": "collection", "value": "Lenox copy of the Gutenberg Bible — the first Gutenberg Bible in the New World", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "including the first Gutenberg Bible in the New World" }, { "id": "f-09qywmq", "lib": "nypl", "field": "collection", "value": "Entrance lion statues named Patience and Fortitude; the main branch is a National Historic Landmark (1965)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "easily recognizable by its lion statues named Patience and Fortitude" }, { "id": "f-1hn3lr8", "lib": "nypl", "field": "volumes", "value": "nearly 53 million items across 92 locations — second-largest library in the United States", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "With nearly 53 million items and 92 locations, the New York Public Library is the second-largest library in the United States" }, { "id": "f-0yla68h", "lib": "bpl", "field": "collection", "value": "Opened to the public 20 March 1854 with 16,000 volumes; opened the first US branch library (East Boston, 1870)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the first branch library in the United States" }, { "id": "f-0e5pejy", "lib": "bpl", "field": "collection", "value": "The McKim Building's Bates Hall houses the research collection; the BPL holds about 21 million items", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The McKim Building, designed by Charles Follen McKim and completed in 1895, houses the BPL's research collection" }, { "id": "f-0i7v1xh", "lib": "gabinete", "field": "collection", "value": "Founded 14 May 1837 by forty-three Portuguese immigrants, political refugees — today the largest collection of Portuguese literature outside Portugal", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Portuguese_Cabinet_of_Reading", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "founded in 1837 by a group of forty-three Portuguese immigrants, political refugees" }, { "id": "f-0fi6vsh", "lib": "gabinete", "field": "collection", "value": "Among the 350,000 volumes: a princeps edition of Os Lusíadas by Camões (1572)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Portuguese_Cabinet_of_Reading", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Among the 350,000 volumes, both national and foreign, are rare works such as a copy of the princeps edition of Os Lusíadas of Camões (1572)" }, { "id": "f-0lhzq4x", "lib": "gabinete", "field": "collection", "value": "Named the fourth most beautiful library in the world by Time magazine; open to the public since 1900", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Portuguese_Cabinet_of_Reading", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the fourth most beautiful library in the world by Time magazine" }, { "id": "f-1r6auro", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "built", "value": "c. 427", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Nalanda was established by emperor Kumaragupta I of the Gupta Empire around 427 CE", "earliest": 427, "latest": 427 }, { "id": "f-0pf0w7m", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Ruins managed by the Archaeological Survey of India; ASI excavations 1915-1937 and 1974-1982", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Excavation dates 1915–1937, 1974–1982 ... Condition In ruins Owner Government of India Management Archaeological Survey of India" }, { "id": "f-1q453sm", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "status_note", "value": "Cave 17 walled up in the 11th century; discovered 25 June 1900 by Wang Yuanlu; re-sealed 1904; Stein 1907, Pelliot 1908", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_Cave", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "An important cache of documents was discovered in 1900 in the so-called \"Library Cave\", which had been walled-up in the 11th century." }, { "id": "f-0av9gv4", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "volumes", "value": "Up to 50,000 manuscripts in the cave (est.)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_Cave", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Up to 50,000 manuscripts may have been kept there, one of the greatest treasure troves of ancient documents found." }, { "id": "f-1xftcm5", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "volumes", "value": "IDP database: 154,919 catalogue entries, 114,332 digitised (1 Jan 2026); covers all Dunhuang/Silk Road holdings, not Cave 17 alone", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Dunhuang_Programme", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "As of 1 January 2026 the online IDP database comprised 154,919 catalogue entries, 114,332 of which have been digitised." }, { "id": "f-1t1oa8n", "lib": "timbuktu", "field": "built", "value": "manuscript dates late 13th to early 20th century", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbuktu_Manuscripts", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The dates of the manuscripts range between the late 13th and the early 20th centuries" }, { "id": "f-0qsk721", "lib": "timbuktu", "field": "volumes", "value": "Total unknown; ~350,000 evacuated to safety, 300,000 still in Bamako in 2022", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbuktu_Manuscripts", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "their total number is unknown, affording only rough estimates" }, { "id": "f-1ikc0n5", "lib": "timbuktu", "field": "status_note", "value": "4,203 manuscripts burned or stolen at Ahmed Baba Institute 2012-2013; ~90% of city's manuscripts saved", "source": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1228", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The insurgents burned or stole 4,203 manuscripts held at the Ahmed Baba Institute. Nonetheless, the local population was able to save 90% of Timbuktu’s ancient manuscripts" }, { "id": "f-1akxpx9", "lib": "buda", "field": "volumes", "value": "216 Corvinas survive in libraries across Europe and the US", "source": "https://oszk.hu/en/print/1995", "tier": "primary", "quote": "At present, 216 corvinas are kept by libraries across Europe and the United States." }, { "id": "f-0zmii95", "lib": "buda", "field": "volumes", "value": "Library size at Matthias' death: 2,000 (OSZK) vs about 3,000 (Wikipedia); exact size unknown", "source": "https://oszk.hu/node/7254?mobile=off", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Although the exact size of the library is unknown, it is believed to have included up to 2000 volumes" }, { "id": "f-0sfiq6j", "lib": "buda", "field": "built", "value": "Collecting began about 1460 (reign 1458-1490)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_Corviniana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Matthias, one of the most powerful rulers of the age, started to collect the books from about 1460.", "earliest": 1458, "latest": 1460 }, { "id": "f-1rq8b5u", "lib": "timbuktu", "field": "collection", "value": "Manuscript subjects span art, medicine, philosophy, science and copies of the Quran — the best-known set of West African manuscripts", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbuktu_Manuscripts", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The collections include manuscripts about art, medicine, philosophy, and science, as well as copies of the Quran" }, { "id": "f-1guedc1", "lib": "timbuktu", "field": "collection", "value": "2012–13 evacuation: curator Abdel Kader Haidara and Stephanie Diakité organized the smuggling of ~350,000 manuscripts to Bamako; 300,000 still there in 2022", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbuktu_Manuscripts", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "organized the evacuation of the manuscripts to Bamako" }, { "id": "f-1wk4dlm", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "collection", "value": "The 868 Diamond Sutra from Cave 17 — the oldest known dated printed book in the world — is held at the British Library", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Sutra", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "May 11, 868 CE, the oldest known dated printed book in the world" }, { "id": "f-1p7xj6g", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "volumes", "value": "about 32,000 tablets and fragments (Kuyunjik Collection)", "source": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/asbp/whatisthelibrary/index.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "around 32,000 cuneiform tablets and fragments from the British Museum's excavations at Nineveh" }, { "id": "f-10dcxlu", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "built", "value": "Ashurbanipal reigned 668/669 - c. 630 BCE; accession is not a founding date for the library", "source": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/asbp/whatisthelibrary/index.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Ashurbanipal, King of Assyria 669-c. 630 BC", "earliest": -669, "latest": -668 }, { "id": "f-1mymvf0", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "remains_today", "value": "tablets in British Museum; site mound Kuyunjik at Nineveh", "source": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/asbp/whatisthelibrary/index.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Almost 32,000 tablets and fragments survive." }, { "id": "f-0n1ccnw", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "place", "value": "Nineveh (mound of Kuyunjik), near Mosul, Iraq", "source": "https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/11000/pg11000-images.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "of his excavations of the mound Kouyunjik (opposite Mosul)" }, { "id": "f-0gzef1q", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "built", "value": "Part of the Mouseion in the Brucheion (royal quarter); layout unknown", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Alexandria&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The exact layout of the library is not known" }, { "id": "f-0hgajsr", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "status_note", "value": "Strabo describes the Museum: public walk, exedra, large house with common mess-hall for scholars; he does not describe book rooms", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/17A1*.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the common mess-hall of the men of learning who share the Museum" }, { "id": "f-1oxi52p", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "volumes", "value": "Ancient figures conflict: 700,000 (Ammianus, burned 48 BCE) and 40,000 (Seneca)", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ammian/22*.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "700,000 books, brought together by the unremitting energy of the Ptolemaïc kings, were burned in the Alexandrine war" }, { "id": "f-0lq24j0", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "volumes", "value": "Seneca: forty thousand books burned at Alexandria", "source": "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Of_Peace_of_Mind&action=raw", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Forty thousand books were burned at Alexandria" }, { "id": "f-1ntfrri", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Serapeum ruins survive (Pompey's Pillar site); no identified remains of the Library itself", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Alexandria&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Present-day ruins of the Serapeum of Alexandria, where the Library of Alexandria moved part of its collection" }, { "id": "f-1pp8xcy", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "status_note", "value": "Parchment (membrana) said to be invented at Pergamum amid book rivalry with the Ptolemies (Varro via Pliny NH 13.70)", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/13*.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "supprimente chartas Ptolemaeo, idem Varro membranas Pergami tradit repertas" }, { "id": "f-046q9cb", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Ruins of the library on the Acropolis near the Sanctuary of Athena", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Pergamum&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The ruins of the library sit on a hilltop near the Sanctuary of Athena" }, { "id": "f-1k518nx", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "status_note", "value": "Herculaneum Conservation Project (Packard Humanities Institute + Parco Archeologico di Ercolano) active at Ercolano since 2001", "source": "https://www.herculaneum.org/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "L'Herculaneum Conservation Project si dedica al sito archeologico di Ercolano fin dal 2001" }, { "id": "f-00x4jrw", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "volumes", "value": "more than 1,800 scrolls; official list 1,814 rolls and fragments", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herculaneum_papyri&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The Herculaneum papyri are more than 1,800 scrolls of papyrus" }, { "id": "f-15bqa5g", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Villa only partly excavated; much of it still buried", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Villa_of_the_Papyri&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The remainder of the site has not been excavated because the Italian government is preferring conservation to excavation" }, { "id": "f-1fdz9e0", "lib": "celsus", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Reconstructed facade; interior gone", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Celsus&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Only the façade survived" }, { "id": "f-1gp33nb", "lib": "strahov", "field": "built", "value": "Theological Hall 1671-1679 (completed 1679)", "source": "https://www.strahovskyklaster.cz/en/philosophical-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Abbot Jerome Hirnhaim (1670–1679) had a new library hall constructed, which we now call the Theological Hall. In 1679, it housed 5,564 volumes.", "earliest": 1671, "latest": 1679 }, { "id": "f-0itwzao", "lib": "strahov", "field": "architect", "value": "Jan Dominik Orsi (Theological Hall)", "source": "https://www.strahovskyklaster.cz/en/philosophical-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Its architect was Jan Dominik Orsi, a Prague native of Italian origin" }, { "id": "f-1cz501t", "lib": "strahov", "field": "built", "value": "Philosophical Hall 1792-1794 (page also says 1791-1797 incl. fresco finished 1796)", "source": "https://www.strahovskyklaster.cz/en/philosophical-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "built during the tenure of Abbot Václav Mayer (1779–1800) between 1792 and 1794", "earliest": 1791, "latest": 1797 }, { "id": "f-07vjvgs", "lib": "strahov", "field": "dims", "value": "Philosophical Hall 32 x 10 x 14 m", "source": "https://www.strahovskyklaster.cz/en/philosophical-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The astonishing dimensions of the hall (length 32 m, width 10 m, height 14 m)" }, { "id": "f-0gcmmlc", "lib": "strahov", "field": "volumes", "value": "Theological Hall over 21,000; Philosophical Hall over 60,000", "source": "https://www.strahovskyklaster.cz/en/philosophical-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The Theological Hall houses over 21,000 volumes ... The total number of volumes in this hall exceeds 60,000." }, { "id": "f-0l5wbya", "lib": "strahov", "field": "status_note", "value": "Theological Hall interior restored 1993-94; hall extended by several metres c.1727", "source": "https://www.strahovskyklaster.cz/en/philosophical-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In 1993-94, the interior was restored, with the shelves completely dismantled and the wood treated." }, { "id": "f-1fc1qtm", "lib": "prunksaal", "field": "dims", "value": "length almost 80 m, height 20 m", "source": "https://www.onb.ac.at/en/museums/state-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "comes as a surprise with its length of almost 80 metres and a height of 20 metres" }, { "id": "f-16hwuxy", "lib": "prunksaal", "field": "volumes", "value": "around 200,000 historical books", "source": "https://www.onb.ac.at/en/museums/state-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "With around 200,000 historical books, the unique library hall" }, { "id": "f-0fw4e80", "lib": "prunksaal", "field": "status_note", "value": "Last extensive conservation 1955; restored July-December 2022", "source": "https://www.onb.ac.at/en/museums/state-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "last subjected to extensive conservation measures in 1955. From July to December 2022, the 300-year-old baroque splendour was given a new shine." }, { "id": "f-1t353g0", "lib": "prunksaal", "field": "architect", "value": "Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (begun 1721), finished 1723 by Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunksaal", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The wing was begun in 1721 by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and finished after his death in 1723 by his son Joseph Emanuel.", "earliest": 1721, "latest": 1723 }, { "id": "f-15bbuo0", "lib": "melk", "field": "built", "value": "Library furnished 1735 after Baroque reconstruction; Upper Library (Bergl rooms) added 1768", "source": "https://www.stiftmelk.at/en/library-collections/melk-abbey-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "were once “the” library of Melk abbey when it was furnished in 1735 after the Baroque reconstruction. Already in 1768 it was expanded by the “Upper Library”", "earliest": 1735, "latest": 1735 }, { "id": "f-09gol7q", "lib": "melk", "field": "volumes", "value": "about 100,000 books, c.1,800 manuscripts, 750 incunabula; ~16,000 visible in main room", "source": "https://www.stiftmelk.at/en/library-collections/melk-abbey-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the library holds about 100.000 books, including approximately 1800 manuscripts and 750 incunabula. Guests can see roughly 16.000 books" }, { "id": "f-0awnbei", "lib": "melk", "field": "status_note", "value": "Comprehensive restoration of interior and books 2022-2032", "source": "https://www.stiftmelk.at/en/library-collections/melk-abbey-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The time has now come to start comprehensive restoration work from 2022 till 2032" }, { "id": "f-0sw988e", "lib": "melk", "field": "architect", "value": "Jakob Prandtauer (abbey, 1702-1736)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melk_Abbey", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Today's Baroque abbey was built between 1702 and 1736 to designs by Jakob Prandtauer.", "earliest": 1702, "latest": 1736 }, { "id": "f-1xrvb7w", "lib": "klementinum", "field": "built", "value": "Main building phase 1709-1726, Baroque library built in it", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klementinum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The main building phase of Clementinum was in the years 1709–1726, during which the Baroque library was built.", "earliest": 1709, "latest": 1726 }, { "id": "f-00w51to", "lib": "klementinum", "field": "architect", "value": "Ceiling fresco by Jan Hiebl", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klementinum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "ceiling artwork by Jan Hiebl which shows the medieval depiction of human knowledge" }, { "id": "f-15xrob5", "lib": "admont", "field": "built", "value": "1776", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/en/about-the-abbey-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The magnificent library hall of the Admont Benedictine Abbey was completed in 1776", "earliest": 1776, "latest": 1776 }, { "id": "f-09ga7st", "lib": "admont", "field": "architect", "value": "Josef Hueber (commissioned by Abbot Matthaeus Offner)", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/en/about-the-abbey-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Commissioned by Abbot Matthäus Offner and designed by the Austrian Baroque architect Josef Hueber" }, { "id": "f-0ysx0hj", "lib": "admont", "field": "dims", "value": "Length 70 m", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/en/about-the-abbey-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "With its 70 metres in length, its majestic tripartite structure and the seven impressive ceiling frescoes by Bartolomeo Altomonte" }, { "id": "f-0urjlde", "lib": "admont", "field": "dims", "value": "70 x 14 x 13 m", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admont_Abbey", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "It is 70 metres long, 14 metres wide and 13 metres high." }, { "id": "f-07j7lh8", "lib": "admont", "field": "volumes", "value": "about 200,000 works; over 1,400 manuscripts; 530 incunabula", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/en/about-the-abbey-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "around 200,000 works. The most valuable items include over 1,400 manuscripts (from the 8th century onwards) and 530 incunabula" }, { "id": "f-1iu5zri", "lib": "stgallen", "field": "built", "value": "1767 (replaced 1553 library building)", "source": "https://stiftsbezirk.ch/en/stiftsbibliothek/history", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In 1553 a building was constructed especially for the library in the west wing of the abbey, and this was replaced in 1767 by the present structure with the Baroque Hall.", "earliest": 1767, "latest": 1767 }, { "id": "f-1s9exp5", "lib": "stgallen", "field": "built", "value": "1758-1767", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_library_of_Saint_Gall", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The library hall, designed by the architect Peter Thumb in a Rococo style, was constructed between 1758 and 1767.", "earliest": 1758, "latest": 1767 }, { "id": "f-00dspl3", "lib": "stgallen", "field": "architect", "value": "Peter Thumb", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_library_of_Saint_Gall", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The library hall, designed by the architect Peter Thumb in a Rococo style" }, { "id": "f-1qpvf3j", "lib": "stgallen", "field": "volumes", "value": "more than 2100 manuscripts (primary); almost 160,000 volumes (wikipedia only)", "source": "https://stiftsbezirk.ch/en/stiftsbibliothek/manuscripts", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The manuscripts, more than 2100 of them, are ordered by theme." }, { "id": "f-0e0fzap", "lib": "stgallen", "field": "status_note", "value": "closed 9-23 Nov 2026 (and 24-25 Dec 2026, 26 Apr 2027)", "source": "https://stiftsbezirk.ch/de/oeffnungszeiten", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Geschlossen 09. bis 23. November 2026: Stiftsbibliothek, Gewölbekeller und Ausstellungssaal geschlossen" }, { "id": "f-008jcse", "lib": "stgallen", "field": "status_note", "value": "UNESCO World Heritage 1983; Memory of the World 2017", "source": "https://stiftsbezirk.ch/en/stiftsbibliothek/today", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In 1983 the Abbey Library, along with the entire abbey complex in St Gall, was listed as a World Heritage site by UNESCO." }, { "id": "f-0rhyw2o", "lib": "wiblingen", "field": "built", "value": "1740-1750 (under Abbot Meinrad); ceiling fresco 1744", "source": "https://www.kloster-wiblingen.de/erlebnis-kloster-garten/kloster-garten/gebaeude/bibliothekssaal", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Der Bibliothekssaal entstand zwischen 1740 und 1750 unter Abt Meinrad.", "earliest": 1740, "latest": 1750 }, { "id": "f-0dva6ue", "lib": "wiblingen", "field": "dims", "value": "23 m long x 11.5 m deep; two storeys", "source": "https://www.kloster-wiblingen.de/erlebnis-kloster-garten/kloster-garten/gebaeude/bibliothekssaal", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Er erstreckt sich über zwei Geschosse und nimmt mit 23 Metern Länge und 11,5 Metern Tiefe den Nordflügel vollständig ein." }, { "id": "f-0jy8ed7", "lib": "wiblingen", "field": "architect", "value": "plan by Christian Wiedemann (d. 1739); site lead then Johann Wiedemann; from 1750 a Munich master builder", "source": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloster_Wiblingen", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Nach dem Plan Wiedenmanns wurde im Nordtrakt des Klosters der später berühmt gewordene, 1744 vollendete Bibliothekssaal errichtet." }, { "id": "f-1bylvdk", "lib": "wiblingen", "field": "volumes", "value": "about 15,000 volumes at peak; dispersed after secularisation", "source": "https://www.kloster-wiblingen.de/erlebnis-kloster-garten/kloster-garten/gebaeude/bibliothekssaal", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In der Blütezeit umfasste die Bibliothek etwa 15.000 Bände." }, { "id": "f-0khtyg7", "lib": "wiblingen", "field": "status_note", "value": "church basilica under scaffolding (restricted); no library hall closure found", "source": "https://www.kloster-wiblingen.de/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Aufgrund von Gerüstarbeiten ist die Basilika nur eingeschränkt zu besichtigen." }, { "id": "f-0bj46hh", "lib": "weimar", "field": "built", "value": "1766 (library moved into newly furnished Rococo hall in Green Palace, built 1563-65)", "source": "https://www.klassik-stiftung.de/herzogin-anna-amalia-bibliothek/die-bibliothek/geschichte/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "1766 zieht die Bibliothek aus dem Residenzschloss in den neu eingerichteten Rokokosaal um.", "earliest": 1761, "latest": 1766 }, { "id": "f-0r6oznj", "lib": "weimar", "field": "architect", "value": "August Friedrich Strassburger (Landbaumeister) fitted out the hall; Green Palace 1563-65", "source": "https://www.klassik-stiftung.de/herzogin-anna-amalia-bibliothek/die-bibliothek/geschichte/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Im sogenannten Grünen Schloss, erbaut zwischen 1563 und 1565, richtet der Landbaumeister August Friedrich Straßburger einen Bibliothekssaal im Stil des späten Rokoko ein." }, { "id": "f-0xfzs7o", "lib": "weimar", "field": "volumes", "value": "Rococo hall: about 30,000 volumes in 1766; on 2 Sep 2004 196,000 books in historic building; 50,000 burned, 118,000 damaged; today >1 million media library-wide", "source": "https://www.klassik-stiftung.de/herzogin-anna-amalia-bibliothek/die-bibliothek/nach-dem-brand/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Am 2. September 2004, dem Tag des Brandes, waren 196.000 Bücher im Historischen Bibliotheksgebäude untergebracht" }, { "id": "f-1vvjk96", "lib": "mafra", "field": "built", "value": "shelves built 1771; books moved in 1794", "source": "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_de_Mafra", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "As estantes da Biblioteca foram construídas em 1771 e os livros transferidos para esse espaço em 1794.", "earliest": 1771, "latest": 1794 }, { "id": "f-1oi8jwu", "lib": "escorial", "field": "built", "value": "first books arrive 1565", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_the_Monastery_of_San_Lorenzo_de_El_Escorial", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The first books began to arrive in 1565.", "earliest": 1565 }, { "id": "f-1mhvpxj", "lib": "prunksaal", "field": "built", "value": "1723-1726", "source": "https://webarchiv.onb.ac.at/web/20131103123136/http:/www.onb.ac.at/prunksaal/prunksaal_geschichte.htm", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Erbaut wurde der Prunksaal von 1723 bis 1726 nach Plänen des berühmten Hofarchitekten Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach von dessen Sohn Joseph Emanuel.", "earliest": 1723, "latest": 1726 }, { "id": "f-0gxdrdn", "lib": "prunksaal", "field": "architect", "value": "Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (attributed by research); built by his son Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach", "source": "https://webarchiv.onb.ac.at/web/20131103123136/http:/www.onb.ac.at/prunksaal/prunksaal_geschichte.htm", "tier": "primary", "quote": "nach Plänen des berühmten Hofarchitekten Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach von dessen Sohn Joseph Emanuel" }, { "id": "f-0w3kq4g", "lib": "bodleian", "field": "built", "value": "1478-1488", "source": "https://visit.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/plan-your-visit/history-bodleian", "tier": "primary", "quote": "it was begun in 1478 and finally opened in 1488", "earliest": 1478, "latest": 1488 }, { "id": "f-1ufh686", "lib": "escorial", "field": "dims", "value": "54 x 9 x 10 m (Salón Principal)", "source": "https://rbme.patrimonionacional.es/s/rbme/page/sal-n-principal", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Las medidas principales de la sala son: 54 m. de largo, 9 m. de ancho y 10 m. de alto." }, { "id": "f-0kf2vih", "lib": "escorial", "field": "volumes", "value": "up to 40,000 volumes and 600 incunables (Patrimonio Nacional, current)", "source": "https://www.patrimonionacional.es/en/coleccion/real-biblioteca-del-monasterio-de-el-escorial", "tier": "primary", "quote": "acogiendo en su interior hasta 40.000 volúmenes y 600 incunables" }, { "id": "f-0os1hqs", "lib": "escorial", "field": "architect", "value": "Juan de Herrera (architect of the monastery; designed the library furniture)", "source": "https://rbme.patrimonionacional.es/s/rbme/page/sal-n-principal", "tier": "primary", "quote": "las trazas del mobiliario son de Juan de Herrera, que, junto a su misión de arquitecto, era el que supervisaba también todas las labores de decoración del edificio" }, { "id": "f-0fh7o9u", "lib": "mafra", "field": "volumes", "value": "about 30,000 volumes", "source": "https://www.museusemonumentos.pt/pt/museus-e-monumentos/palacio-nacional-de-mafra", "tier": "primary", "quote": "uma importante biblioteca com cerca de 30 mil volumes, sendo a maior livraria numa só sala em toda a Europa" }, { "id": "f-05vjflc", "lib": "klementinum", "field": "built", "value": "1722", "source": "https://prague.eu/en/objevujte/the-clementinum-astronomical-tower-and-baroque-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The Baroque library is the most beautiful of Clementinum’s halls. It was built in 1722 by Kilián Ignác Dienzenhofer and is decorated with frescoes by John Hiebel", "earliest": 1722, "latest": 1722 }, { "id": "f-0op2agz", "lib": "klementinum", "field": "architect", "value": "Kilián Ignác Dientzenhofer (per Prague City Tourism; frescoes by Jan Hiebl)", "source": "https://prague.eu/en/objevujte/the-clementinum-astronomical-tower-and-baroque-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "It was built in 1722 by Kilián Ignác Dienzenhofer and is decorated with frescoes by John Hiebel" }, { "id": "f-0fn5w4x", "lib": "klementinum", "field": "volumes", "value": "27,000 historical volumes today (legend: 20,000 when the Jesuit library was finished)", "source": "https://prague.eu/en/objevujte/the-clementinum-astronomical-tower-and-baroque-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The library’s collection includes 27 thousand volumes, mainly from the field of theology." }, { "id": "f-0idp7yt", "lib": "loc", "field": "built", "value": "1886 authorized; cornerstone 1890; Jefferson Building in use from 1897", "source": "https://guides.loc.gov/lc-buildings/timelines", "tier": "primary", "quote": "1886 Building authorized with Smithmeyer as supervising architect. ... 1890 Cornerstone laid. ... Thomas Jefferson Building, 1897 to present", "earliest": 1890, "latest": 1897 }, { "id": "f-08oqoka", "lib": "celsus", "field": "built", "value": "early 2nd century AD, by Gaius Julius Aquila for his father Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus (ÖAI gives no exact years)", "source": "https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/events/event-detail/antike-wiederaufgebaut", "tier": "primary", "quote": "It was built in the early 2nd century AD by Gaius Julius Aquila for his father, the Roman senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus.", "earliest": 100, "latest": 150 }, { "id": "f-18fgxzl", "lib": "celsus", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Façade re-erected 1970-1978 from original parts plus additional material; in need of fundamental conservation, ÖAI conservation project launched 2025; UNESCO lists the Library of Celsus among excavated monuments of Ephesus (WHC 1018)", "source": "https://www.oeaw.ac.at/en/oeai/events/event-detail/antike-wiederaufgebaut", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Following excavation at the beginning of the 20th century, the Celsus Library was reconstructed between 1970 and 1978 using original parts and additional materials." }, { "id": "f-1sro5kp", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "built", "value": "Layout unknown: no architectural remains or archaeological finds definitely attributable to the Library have been recovered", "source": "https://www.worldhistory.org/article/207/what-happened-to-the-great-library-at-alexandria/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "no architectural remains or archaeological finds that can definitely be attributed to the ancient Library have ever been recovered" }, { "id": "f-1ih8jfg", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Nothing definitely attributable to the Library has been recovered; Serapeum temple (where a Christian church was later built) was destroyed under Theophilus", "source": "https://www.worldhistory.org/article/207/what-happened-to-the-great-library-at-alexandria/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "no architectural remains or archaeological finds that can definitely be attributed to the ancient Library have ever been recovered" }, { "id": "f-0na9oho", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Archaeological site of 23 ha with stupas, chaityas, viharas, shrines, votive structures and stucco, stone and metal art works; remains date from c. 3rd c. BCE, main phase 5th-13th c. CE", "source": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1502", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Spread over an area of 23 hectares the Archaeological site of Nalanda Mahavihara presents remains dating from circa. 3rd Cen BCE" }, { "id": "f-0ydtzj5", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Row of rooms north, behind the upper storey of the north stoa of the Athena sanctuary: one large hall at the east end, and to its west a group of three rooms; a small court with a separate room group (so-called art collection) lies west at stoa ground-floor level. Identification as the royal library (Bohn, Hoepfner) is disputed (Mielsch, Strocka).", "source": "https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/6172", "tier": "primary", "quote": "am weitesten östlich ein großer Saal, westlich anschließend eine Dreiraumgruppe." }, { "id": "f-0lxdyo1", "lib": "celsus", "field": "dims", "value": "Reading hall 16.7 m long x 10.9 m deep (about 178 m2); facade 21 m long, over 16 m high; shelf niches 2.6 m high, over 1 m wide", "source": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsus-Bibliothek", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Dieser hat mit 10,9 m Tiefe und 16,7 m Länge eine Größe von rund 178 Quadratmetern." }, { "id": "f-1b3qn6z", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "status_note", "value": "iiif-cors: manuscripta.se manifest ok, image ok (iiif.manuscripta.se)", "source": "https://www.manuscripta.se/iiif/100500/manifest.json", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *" }, { "id": "f-09r13s2", "field": "status_note", "value": "iiif-cors: digi.vatlib.it manifest ok (200, ACAO *); image not tested", "source": "https://digi.vatlib.it/iiif/MSS_Vat.lat.3225/manifest.json", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *" }, { "id": "f-05pqr02", "field": "status_note", "value": "iiif-cors: iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk manifest ok (200, ACAO *), image host ACAO * (seen on 404 root only)", "source": "https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/manifest/53fd0f29-d482-46e1-aa9d-37829b49987d.json", "tier": "primary", "quote": "access-control-allow-origin: *" }, { "id": "f-0sdotm0", "lib": "loc", "field": "dims", "value": "Jefferson Building 470 ft (27-bay front) by 340 ft (21 bays); lantern 195 ft high; rotunda surrounded by 8 clustered piers; coffered dome", "source": "https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/dc/dc0200/dc0221/data/dc0221data.pdf", "tier": "primary", "quote": "470' (27-bay front) by 340' (21-bays) ... lantern is 195' high ... rotunda surrounded by 8 clustered piers" }, { "id": "f-1algbm5", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "status_note", "value": "Library of Parliament closed with Centre Block (since 2019); main construction complete 2030-2031, Centre Block reopens about one year later", "source": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/infrastructure-buildings/parliamentary-precinct/projects-in-parliamentary-precinct/centre-block-project/about-centre-block-project.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Main construction will be complete between 2030 and 2031. The Centre Block will reopen about one year later." }, { "id": "f-0k2w9mr", "field": "status_note", "value": "Poetic Edda (Bellows): first published 1923 (New York: American-Scandinavian Foundation), not 1936", "source": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/73533", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Original Publication: New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1923." }, { "id": "f-18g42mw", "field": "status_note", "value": "Henry Adams Bellows 1885-1939 (translator). Life+70: PD in EU/UK from 2010. US PD (1923 pub). Earlier note d.1957 was wrong", "source": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/73533", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Translator Bellows, Henry Adams, 1885-1939" }, { "id": "f-0kk4w0b", "field": "status_note", "value": "Arthur Waley d. 27 June 1966. Genji volumes 1925-33: later volumes not US PD by date alone; life+70 PD only from 2037", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Waley&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Arthur David Waley CH CBE (né Schloss, 19 August 1889 – 27 June 1966)" }, { "id": "f-0urlkt9", "field": "status_note", "value": "Dead Souls translator C. J. (Charles James) Hogarth 1869-1945 (PG and some catalogues print 'D. J.'); Everyman translation 1916. US PD (pre-1931). Life+70: PD from 2016", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C._J._Hogarth&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Charles James Hogarth (1869–1945) was a British soldier and prolific translator from Russian, who wrote as C. J. Hogarth." }, { "id": "f-1x7pu90", "field": "status_note", "value": "Andrew Motte 1696-1734 (translator, 1729). Pre-1931 English text, US PD; PD worldwide by life+70", "source": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/76404", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Translator Motte, Andrew, 1696-1734" }, { "id": "f-0fa3tq3", "field": "status_note", "value": "Timothy Richard d. 17 April 1919 (translator of A Mission to Heaven, 1913). US PD and life+70 PD (from 1990)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy_Richard&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "death_date = {{Death date and age|1919|04|17|1845|10|10|df=yes}}" }, { "id": "f-17dcnwl", "lib": "vatican", "field": "built", "value": "1585-1588 (Salone Sistino built by Domenico Fontana)", "source": "https://www.museivaticani.va/content/dam/museivaticani/pdf/eventi_novita/iniziative/eventi/2013/MV_2_Museo_profano_biblioteca_apostolica.pdf", "tier": "primary", "quote": "il grandioso Salone Sistino ... inserito da Domenico Fontana nel corpo di fabbrica ... (1585-1588). La sua ricchissima ornamentazione pittorica fu condotta tra il 1588 e il 1590", "earliest": 1585, "latest": 1588 }, { "id": "f-0i2l1dl", "lib": "vatican", "field": "dims", "value": "70 m long x 11 m wide (hall, two aisles)", "source": "https://www.vaticannews.va/de/vatikan/news/2017-10/vatikan--lesesaal-erstrahlt-wieder-im-neuen-glanz.print.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "zweischiffige Raum ... 70 Meter lang und elf Meter breit" }, { "id": "f-10lz8t1", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "recon", "value": "The Mouseion lay within the royal palace quarter (\"a part of the palaces\"). Trans. Hamilton & Falconer (1854), Strabo 17.1.8.", "source": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=17:chapter=1:section=8", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The Museum is a part of the palaces." }, { "id": "f-1ui6owh", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "recon", "value": "The Mouseion had a public walk (Greek peripatos).", "source": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=17:chapter=1:section=8", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "It has a public walk and a place furnished with seats, and a large hall" }, { "id": "f-1rns9ol", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "recon", "value": "A place furnished with seats (Greek exedra) adjoined the walk.", "source": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=17:chapter=1:section=8", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "a place furnished with seats" }, { "id": "f-0yymoe8", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "recon", "value": "A large hall where the resident scholars took their common meal.", "source": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=17:chapter=1:section=8", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "a large hall, in which the men of learning, who belong to the Museum, take their common meal" }, { "id": "f-1etgoxb", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "recon", "value": "All royal buildings, including the Mouseion, were connected with one another and with the harbour.", "source": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=17:chapter=1:section=8", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "All the buildings are connected with one another and with the harbour" }, { "id": "f-0i4d7yh", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "recon", "value": "The Sema, an enclosure with the tombs of the kings and Alexander, was also part of the palaces, adjoining the Mouseion in Strabo's list.", "source": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=17:chapter=1:section=8", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Sema, an enclosure, which contained the tombs of the kings and that of Alexander" }, { "id": "f-1pmb51p", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "recon", "value": "Daughter-library site: Serapeum with extensive columned halls and near-lifelike statues (Ammianus 22.16.12, Rolfe trans.).", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ammian/22*.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "adorned with extensive columned halls, with almost breathing statues" }, { "id": "f-0yej9tw", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "recon", "value": "Ammianus says the Serapeum held \"invaluable libraries\". Translator footnote: Ammianus conflates the Bruchion and Serapeum libraries.", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ammian/22*.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "In this were invaluable libraries" }, { "id": "f-1lp2m8j", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "recon", "value": "Bohn (1885), citing Aphthonius Progymn. 12, says Serapeum colonnades surrounded an open court with rooms behind them for books, matching Pergamon.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Säulenhallen umgeben einen freien Platz, ... es ift alfo eine Anlage, welche mit der pergamenifchen übereinftimmt." }, { "id": "f-1imy339", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "recon", "value": "1944 excavation at the Column of Diocletian site yielded foundation deposits of a Temple of Serapis; Ptolemy III named as builder on the plaques. No library building found in this report.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serapeum_of_Alexandria", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Excavations in 1944 at the site of the column of Diocletian yielded the foundation deposits of a Temple of Serapis" }, { "id": "f-1u9wefz", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Library rooms lay in the Athena sanctuary directly north of (behind) the north stoa, on rising rock.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Wir wenden uns jetzt den unmittelbar nördlich der Stoa gelegenen Baulichkeiten zu" }, { "id": "f-0bzojme", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Two-storey stoa in front of the room block: Bohn refers to its Untergeschoss (lower storey) and a collapsed Obergeschoss. Inscription block found in the lower storey / forecourt debris.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "in dem frühzeitig zufammengeftürzten Obergefchoffe" }, { "id": "f-1lsu7bo", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Bohn, following Conze: chambers fronted by a colonnade were typical in the Hellenistic-Roman period; parallels named: Serapeum library at Alexandria, Villa of the Papyri (Weber plan), Vitruvius VI.7.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Conze hat a. a. O. den Nachweis geführt, dafs die Verbindung von Gemächern mit einer Säulenhalle davor in helleniftifch-römifcher Zeit geradezu typifch war." }, { "id": "f-19qsibq", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Block of three rooms plus a larger fourth room to the east; Bohn counts four library rooms (\"vier Bibliotheksräume\").", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Es bilden fich dergeftalt drei Gemächer, an welche fich örtlich noch ein viertes fchliefst" }, { "id": "f-12ccoj5", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Fourth room: depth 16.95 m, clear width 13.53 m (Bohn 1885). Wikipedia gives 13.6 x 15.2 m for the main room.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "das aber durch gröfsere Tiefe, 16,95, ausgezeichnet ift; feine lichte Weite beträgt 13,53." }, { "id": "f-0jodojq", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Trachyte rear wall 1.05 m thick, running parallel to the stoa rear wall 14.40 m from its front edge; in places 8 courses (courses 0.30-0.44 m) survive.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "läuft parallel mit der Rückwand, 14,40 von ihrer Vorderkante entfernt, eine Mauer aus Trachytfteinen." }, { "id": "f-10vmehn", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "North wall: two slot holes 0.95 m above floor; a second row of 0.06 m square holes, 0.14 m deep, 1.05 m apart, also along the east wall. Bohn reads them as anchors for wooden shelving.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Löcher 0,060 im Quadrat, 0,14 in der Tiefe meffen und je 1,05 von einander entfernt" }, { "id": "f-0l0gpxy", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Along the three standing walls, ~0.50 m from the wall, a foundation 1.05 m wide with dowel holes; upright slabs 0.465-0.470 m high and cover slabs 0.152 m high found nearby. Bohn: base for wooden book racks with a 0.50 m air gap.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Längs der drei noch flehenden Wände zieht fich in einem Abftand von etwa 0,50 ein Fundament von 1,05 Breite hin" }, { "id": "f-0qlhkct", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Central projection on the north wall: 2.74 m wide, projecting 1.05 m from the continuous foundation; Bohn takes it as the Athena statue stand.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "in einer Breite von 2,74 ein befonderer Vorfprung um 1,05 heraus." }, { "id": "f-1vvnea9", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Colossal Athena statue with figured base found in stoa debris directly in front of the room (about 2 m above lower-storey floor).", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Koloffal- Statue der Athena" }, { "id": "f-1mqmk01", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Bohn conjectures only the wall plinth was clad in marble blocks, the upper wall plastered and painted (inferred from a parallel); trachyte backing wall.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "dafs nur der Wandfockel (vgl. S. 42) mit Marmorquadern bekleidet, der obere Teil dagegen geputzt und bemalt gewefen fei." }, { "id": "f-1c6amf9", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Bohn: walls abut rising ground (damp); the 0.50 m gap between wall and shelves would mitigate. Terracotta pipes (Thonrohrleitungen) belonged to the rooms.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Urfprünglich zu ihnen gehörige Thonrohrleitungen" }, { "id": "f-0ut4wtd", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "recon", "value": "Ancient cistern cut deep into the rock near the south-east corner of the main room; rock-cut channel with collecting holes in front of the east part of the podium.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Nahe der Südoftecke befindet fleh eine anfeheinend aus dem Altertume herrührende, tief in den Felfen gearbeitete Cifterne." }, { "id": "f-1dxek0j", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "recon", "value": "Layard & Rassam, spring 1852, in the South-West Palace (Sennacherib) at Kuyunjik: two small interconnected \"chambers of records\".", "source": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7096/7096-8.txt", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "In one part of the building he found two small chambers, opening into each other, which he called the \"chamber of records,\"" }, { "id": "f-0ryu73p", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "recon", "value": "Entered via a doorway flanked by fish-god figures; two small chambers opening into each other, once panelled with bas-reliefs (mostly destroyed).", "source": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/39897/39897-8.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "led into two small chambers opening into each other, and once panelled with bas-reliefs" }, { "id": "f-045c7vq", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "recon", "value": "Tablets lay on the floor to a depth of a foot or more (~0.3 m), mostly broken, probably by collapse of the upper building. No shelves described.", "source": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/39897/39897-8.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "To the height of a foot or more from the floor they were entirely filled with them" }, { "id": "f-151ukbr", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "recon", "value": "Largest tablets flat, about 9 x 6.5 inches (~0.23 x 0.17 m); smaller ones slightly convex, some about an inch (~0.025 m) long.", "source": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/39897/39897-8.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the largest tablets were flat, and measured about 9 inches by 6-1/2 inches" }, { "id": "f-0gtsrb3", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "recon", "value": "Rassam, Dec 1853, North Palace (Ashurbanipal): lion-hunt relief chamber 50 x 15 ft (~15.2 x 4.6 m) in which heaps of tablets were found.", "source": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7096/7096-8.txt", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the chamber, which was 50 feet long and 15 feet wide, and illustrated a royal lion hunt" }, { "id": "f-16wdq38", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "recon", "value": "Budge: no remains showed tablets were stored systematically there; they seem brought from elsewhere and thrown down. Original shelving/arrangement unknown.", "source": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7096/7096-8.txt", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "There were no remains with them, or near them, that suggested they had been arranged systematically" }, { "id": "f-0m2flr2", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "recon", "value": "Budge states how tablets were arranged in the library is not known; groups were catalogued and some labelled.", "source": "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7096/7096-8.txt", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "How the tablets were arranged in the Library is not known" }, { "id": "f-0m8rhe3", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "recon", "value": "Books were largely concentrated in one small room furnished with book cabinets (review of Sider, peer-reviewed venue).", "source": "https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2006/2006.01.41/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The books at the villa were largely concentrated in one small room, furnished with book cabinets" }, { "id": "f-1bg6z3v", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "recon", "value": "Getty: some scrolls neatly stacked on shelves or in cases when found; early excavators mistook them for logs.", "source": "https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/villa_papiri/inner.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "some of the book rolls were neatly stacked on shelves or in cases" }, { "id": "f-16rwjlz", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "recon", "value": "Wooden capsae on shelves around the walls and on a central double-sided shelf unit in the room.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_of_the_Papyri", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "some of them on ordinary wooden shelves and around the walls and some on the two sides of a set of shelves in the middle of the room" }, { "id": "f-1le5cem", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "recon", "value": "Per Weber plan as described by Bohn 1885: library room lies behind a colonnade with a door opening into it.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/dasheiligtumder00droygoog/dasheiligtumder00droygoog_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "hinter einer Säulenhalle liegt, mit einer Thür in diefe mündend." }, { "id": "f-1tadaqt", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "recon", "value": "Karl Weber recorded findspots and architectural contexts (Getty).", "source": "https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/villa_papiri/inner.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Weber carefully recorded the objects’ findspots and architectural contexts." }, { "id": "f-1m5aftx", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "recon", "value": "Xuanzang (Beal 1884): a high wall with one gate enclosed the sanghārāmas.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/buddhist-records-of-the-western-world-vol-2/Buddhist%20Records%20of%20the%20Western%20World-Vol%202_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "he built round these edifices a high wall with one gate." }, { "id": "f-01nu2rt", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "recon", "value": "Xuanzang: monasteries added to the south, east, north-east, west and north of the first.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/buddhist-records-of-the-western-world-vol-2/Buddhist%20Records%20of%20the%20Western%20World-Vol%202_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "To the south of this he built another" }, { "id": "f-0gfup0z", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "recon", "value": "Xuanzang records a three-storeyed pavilion used for the assembly at Baladitya's monastery.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/buddhist-records-of-the-western-world-vol-2/Buddhist%20Records%20of%20the%20Western%20World-Vol%202_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "They led them up the three-storeyed pavilion." }, { "id": "f-06j8yp4", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "recon", "value": "Site had a tank (Nalanda Naga) within an Amra (mango) grove.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/buddhist-records-of-the-western-world-vol-2/Buddhist%20Records%20of%20the%20Western%20World-Vol%202_djvu.txt", "tier": "primary", "quote": "there is a tank. The Naga of this tank is called Nalanda." }, { "id": "f-1m4a9bo", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "recon", "value": "Excavated vihara plan: rectangular, central quadrangular court, verandah, outer row of monk cells; shrine chamber facing entrance. Source is Wikipedia.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Their plan involves a rectangular form with a central quadrangular court which is surrounded by a verandah which, in turn, is bounded by an outer row of cells for the monks" }, { "id": "f-1wln0jq", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "recon", "value": "Later Tibetan tradition, not Xuanzang: library \"Dharmaganja\" of three large multi-storeyed buildings: Ratnasagara, Ratnodadhi, Ratnaranjaka. Not archaeologically identified.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "a great library at Nalanda named Dharmaganja" }, { "id": "f-1pu5m3y", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "recon", "value": "Tibetan tradition: Ratnodadhi nine storeys, held Prajnaparamita Sutra and Guhyasamaja.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Ratnodadhi was nine storeys high and housed the most sacred manuscripts" }, { "id": "f-1xss1l3", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Library hall on the Danube side of Buda Castle, near the royal chapel and throne hall, per Naldo Naldi's account (via corvina.hu).", "source": "https://corvina.hu/en/about-corvinas/history/history-of-the-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the library hall, located on the Danube side of the Buda Castle, near the royal chapel and the throne hall" }, { "id": "f-1defgby", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Bookcases with inlaid decoration; open shelves protected from dust by heavy red curtains (Naldi, per corvina.hu). Curtain colour varies by summary: Csapodi has curtains of coloured and golden yarn, Pajorin has purple woven with gold thread. Shelves with curtains are the common core; red specifically is corvina.hu only.", "source": "https://corvina.hu/en/about-corvinas/history/history-of-the-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "had been furnished with bookcases with inlaid decoration. The open shelves had been protected against dust with heavy red curtains" }, { "id": "f-14fsj4j", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Double windows fitted with stained glass (Naldi, per corvina.hu). Csapodi and Pajorin agree on stained or coloured glass; Csapodi counts two windows.", "source": "https://corvina.hu/en/about-corvinas/history/history-of-the-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the double windows had been fitted with stained glass" }, { "id": "f-12xyqrg", "lib": "admont", "field": "dims", "value": "Admont hall length: 70 m", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/architektur/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Mit einer Länge von 70 m , einer Breite von 14 m und einer Höhe von 11 m (in der Mittelkuppel 12,7 m)" }, { "id": "f-1g6ahgk", "lib": "admont", "field": "dims", "value": "Admont hall width: 14 m", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/architektur/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Mit einer Länge von 70 m , einer Breite von 14 m und einer Höhe von 11 m (in der Mittelkuppel 12,7 m)" }, { "id": "f-19ew7y8", "lib": "admont", "field": "dims", "value": "Admont hall height: 11 m (central dome 12.7 m)", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/architektur/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Mit einer Länge von 70 m , einer Breite von 14 m und einer Höhe von 11 m (in der Mittelkuppel 12,7 m)" }, { "id": "f-1qi0hrr", "lib": "admont", "field": "dims", "value": "Admont hall height: over 11 m to vault crown, over 12 m in central room", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/aktuelle-ausstellungen/glanz-und-gelehrsamkeit-die-groesste-klosterbibliothek-der-welt/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Der Saal ist 70 Meter lang, 14 Meter breit und bis in den Gewölbescheitel über elf (im Mittelraum sogar über zwölf) Meter hoch. 48 Fenster" }, { "id": "f-03g62nt", "lib": "admont", "field": "dims", "value": "Admont hall domes: 7", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/architektur/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Somit wird der gesamte langgestreckte Prunksaal von insgesamt 7 Kuppeln überwölbt." }, { "id": "f-1ge5b06", "lib": "admont", "field": "dims", "value": "Admont hall windows: 48 (plus 12 hidden behind the bookcases)", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/aktuelle-ausstellungen/glanz-und-gelehrsamkeit-die-groesste-klosterbibliothek-der-welt/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "48 Fenster geben das nötige Licht, zwölf weitere Fenster sind hinter den Büche" }, { "id": "f-0soynuw", "lib": "strahov", "field": "dims", "value": "Strahov Philosophical Hall length: 32 m", "source": "https://www.strahovskyklaster.cz/en/architecture/library-halls", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The astonishing dimensions of the hall (length 32 m, width 10 m, height 14 m)" }, { "id": "f-1jo06vc", "lib": "strahov", "field": "dims", "value": "Strahov Philosophical Hall width: 10 m", "source": "https://www.strahovskyklaster.cz/en/architecture/library-halls", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The astonishing dimensions of the hall (length 32 m, width 10 m, height 14 m)" }, { "id": "f-0778fn9", "lib": "strahov", "field": "dims", "value": "Strahov Philosophical Hall height: 14 m", "source": "https://www.strahovskyklaster.cz/architektura/knihovni-saly", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Udivující rozměry sálu (délka 32 m, šířka 10 m, výška 14 m)" }, { "id": "f-1m5brdu", "lib": "loc", "field": "dims", "value": "octagon width across: 100 ft (30.5 m)", "source": "https://archive.org/details/handbookofnewlib00smaliala", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The ground plan of the room is octagonal in shape, measuring one hundred feet from one side to another." }, { "id": "f-12g948e", "lib": "loc", "field": "dims", "value": "floor to top of dome (where it meets lantern): 125 ft (38.1 m)", "source": "https://archive.org/details/handbookofnewlib00smaliala", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The height of the room from the floor to the top of the dome, where it converges upon the lantern, is one hundred and twenty-five feet" }, { "id": "f-0gimp3a", "lib": "loc", "field": "dims", "value": "floor to crown of lantern ceiling: 160 ft (48.8 m)", "source": "https://archive.org/details/handbookofnewlib00smaliala", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "from the floor to the crown of the domed ceiling of the lantern itself, one hundred and sixty feet" }, { "id": "f-0lvfty6", "lib": "loc", "field": "dims", "value": "lantern height: 35 ft (10.7 m), eight windows", "source": "https://archive.org/details/handbookofnewlib00smaliala", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Finally comes the lantern, thirty-five feet in height, and pierced by eight windows" }, { "id": "f-1onctrq", "lib": "loc", "field": "dims", "value": "alcove count: 8 bays, each 14 ft deep x 30 ft wide (4.3 x 9.1 m)", "source": "https://archive.org/details/handbookofnewlib00smaliala", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "divide the octagon into eight bays or alcoves, each fourteen feet deep and thirty wide." }, { "id": "f-1vce05w", "lib": "loc", "field": "dims", "value": "piers: 8 massive clustered piers, one per octagon corner, each set ~10 ft forward", "source": "https://archive.org/details/handbookofnewlib00smaliala", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Eight massive clustered piers, each set some ten feet forward from a corner of the octagon, support a series of heavy arches" }, { "id": "f-1ypkrg7", "lib": "loc", "field": "dims", "value": "floor to statue plinth: 58 ft; semicircular alcove windows 32 ft across at base; 8 statues on entablature", "source": "https://archive.org/details/handbookofnewlib00smaliala", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "From the floor to the plinth or base on which they stand is a distance of fifty- eight feet" }, { "id": "f-0ur64pu", "lib": "longroom", "field": "dims", "value": "length: 63.7 m", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Today the Long Room stands at 63.7 metres long, 12.2 metres wide and 14.2 metres high." }, { "id": "f-0wc0t7f", "lib": "longroom", "field": "dims", "value": "width: 12.2 m", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Today the Long Room stands at 63.7 metres long, 12.2 metres wide and 14.2 metres high." }, { "id": "f-1mopt48", "lib": "longroom", "field": "dims", "value": "Height 14.2 m (current, with barrel vault)", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Today the Long Room stands at 63.7 metres long, 12.2 metres wide and 14.2 metres high." }, { "id": "f-0o369ri", "lib": "longroom", "field": "dims", "value": "original height: about 15 m (pre-1860, flat plaster ceiling)", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The chamber as a whole was about 15 metres high, finished with a flat plaster ceiling." }, { "id": "f-0dnzecc", "lib": "longroom", "field": "dims", "value": "alcoves: 40 in total (each about 2,000 books)", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "On either side of this room, at each floor-level window, shelves were built ... forming alcoves capable of containing about 2,000 books each, There are 40 of these alcoves" }, { "id": "f-060sdx9", "lib": "longroom", "field": "collection", "value": "Brian Boru harp on display — the oldest surviving Gaelic harp in Ireland (medieval, probably 15th century)", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/old-library/long-room/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "There is also a medieval harp on display known as the Brian Boru harp. The harp is the oldest of its kind in Ireland" }, { "id": "f-0yh23fs", "lib": "longroom", "field": "collection", "value": "One of the few surviving copies of the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic, read outside the GPO at the Easter Rising", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/old-library/long-room/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Another treasure in the Long Room is one of the few remaining copies of the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic" }, { "id": "f-0pcppvs", "lib": "longroom", "field": "collection", "value": "Four female marble busts added 2023 — Rosalind Franklin, Augusta Gregory, Ada Lovelace, Mary Wollstonecraft — first new busts in over a century", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Library,_Trinity_College_Dublin", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Four female busts were added in 2023: Rosalind Franklin, Augusta Gregory, Ada Lovelace and Mary Wollstonecraft." }, { "id": "f-1svncez", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "built", "value": "Opened 1452 per one source; eleven bays in each aisle; the central nave is barrel vaulted", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Malatestiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "there are eleven bays in each aisle, which are pole vaulted. The central nave is barrel vaulted" }, { "id": "f-1h4u1yo", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "collection", "value": "owned by the commune of Cesena, not a monastery or family - the first European civic public library", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Malatestiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the books were owned by the commune of Cesena" }, { "id": "f-10wwnel", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "status_note", "value": "UNESCO Memory of the World, 2005", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Malatestiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "In 2005 UNESCO included the libr" }, { "id": "f-05zb5dn", "lib": "joanina", "field": "built", "value": "1717-1728; three great rooms divided by decorated arches", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Joanina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "there are three great rooms divided by decorated arches" }, { "id": "f-0czkwln", "lib": "joanina", "field": "collection", "value": "two-storied gilt shelves throughout", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Joanina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The walls are covered by two storied shelves" }, { "id": "f-1t1051h", "lib": "joanina", "field": "status_note", "value": "the library exhibits the Portuguese national coat of arms", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Joanina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "library exhibits the national coat of arms" }, { "id": "f-07sgolo", "lib": "hereford", "field": "collection", "value": "the largest surviving chained library in the world", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the largest library of chained books in the world" }, { "id": "f-080b3so", "lib": "hereford", "field": "collection", "value": "the Hereford Mappa Mundi is chained beside the books", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the map and the chained libraries" }, { "id": "f-16w7mfm", "lib": "hereford", "field": "status_note", "value": "one of only four surviving 1217 Magna Cartas is displayed here", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "one of only four 1217 Magna Carta" }, { "id": "f-0ls35ox", "lib": "morgan", "field": "built", "value": "1902-06; the main building designed by Charles Follen McKim of McKim, Mead and White", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The main building was designed by Charles McKim" }, { "id": "f-03x85r5", "lib": "morgan", "field": "status_note", "value": "expanded by Renzo Piano and Beyer Blinder Belle", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Renzo Piano and Beyer Blinder Belle" }, { "id": "f-1yskwlm", "lib": "morgan", "field": "collection", "value": "a library and museum in New York: three Gutenberg Bibles among its holdings", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "library and museum in New York" }, { "id": "f-0h5vro4", "lib": "stegen", "field": "built", "value": "1838-51 by Henri Labrouste", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "built between 1838 and 1851 by architect Henri Labrouste" }, { "id": "f-1287355", "lib": "stegen", "field": "status_note", "value": "the innovative cast-iron frame supporting the roof made architectural history", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "an innovative iron frame supporting the roof" }, { "id": "f-1dhrant", "lib": "stegen", "field": "status_note", "value": "English Wikipedia: opened to the public on 4 February 1851", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "opened to the public on 4 February 1851" }, { "id": "f-17lu6s1", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "built", "value": "founded 1646; the current building completed 1773", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Palafoxiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Founded in 1646" }, { "id": "f-1jkq5tm", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "collection", "value": "over 45,000 books and manuscripts", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Palafoxiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "more than 45,000 books and manuscripts" }, { "id": "f-02kl5ma", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "status_note", "value": "the first and oldest public library in the Americas (UNESCO)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Palafoxiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "first and oldest public library in the Americas" }, { "id": "f-0kpnbre", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "built", "value": "designed by Gunnar Asplund; construction began 1924, opened 1928", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "construction began in 1924" }, { "id": "f-1ya44v7", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "volumes", "value": "about 2,000,000 items (4,400,000 including all media)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "2,000,000 (4,400,000 items)" }, { "id": "f-17wmwko", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "status_note", "value": "one of Stockholm’s most notable structures", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "one of the city's most notable structures" }, { "id": "f-1r7x3cy", "lib": "longroom", "field": "built", "value": "1712-1732 (foundation stone May 1712; finished 1732; ready for use end of 1733)", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "According to the Board register of the time the foundation stone of the new Library was laid in May 1712. ... The new Library was finished in 1732, and was ready for use by the end of 1733.", "earliest": 1712, "latest": 1733 }, { "id": "f-04roha1", "lib": "longroom", "field": "built", "value": "Irish Commons petitioned for funds in 1709", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In 1709 the Irish House of Commons petitioned the Queen to give 5,000 pounds towards a new Library", "earliest": 1709, "latest": 1709 }, { "id": "f-02cmvh2", "lib": "longroom", "field": "architect", "value": "Thomas Burgh (1670-1730)", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Thomas Burgh (1670-1730), chief engineer and surveyor-general of Ireland, was appointed architect." }, { "id": "f-0gldtfk", "lib": "longroom", "field": "dims", "value": "65 m long", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Trinity_College_Dublin", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The 65-metre-long (213 ft) main chamber of the Old Library, the Long Room, was built between 1712 and 1732 and houses 200,000 of the Library's oldest books." }, { "id": "f-118rrf8", "lib": "longroom", "field": "volumes", "value": "200,000 of the oldest books in the Long Room; Old Library 350,000 early printed books + 20,000 manuscript/archive collections", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/old-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Long Room which houses 200,000 of the Library's oldest books in its oak bookcases." }, { "id": "f-17d7hxk", "lib": "longroom", "field": "status_note", "value": "No public access to Old Library and Long Room during works; Book of Kells moves to Printing House late 2027; works expected finished 2030", "source": "https://universitytimes.ie/2026/03/printing-house-restored-to-house-book-of-kells/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "During the construction and conservation period there will be no public access to the Old Library and Long Room. ... expected to be finished by 2030 ... planned for late 2027.", "earliest": 2027, "latest": 2030 }, { "id": "f-1o1wa37", "lib": "bodleian", "field": "built", "value": "Begun 1478, opened 1488 (Selden End extension 1634-7)", "source": "https://visit.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/plan-your-visit/history-bodleian", "tier": "primary", "quote": "it was begun in 1478 and finally opened in 1488.", "earliest": 1478, "latest": 1488 }, { "id": "f-1yaq3ae", "lib": "bodleian", "field": "volumes", "value": "Duke Humphrey's 1447 bequest was 281 books; only three of his original books remain in the library", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Humfrey%27s_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "When he died in 1447, he donated his collection of 281 books to the University. ... Today, only three of Humfrey's original books remain in the library." }, { "id": "f-1vjwmgf", "lib": "escorial", "field": "dims", "value": "54 x 9 x 10 m", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_the_Monastery_of_San_Lorenzo_de_El_Escorial", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "It is 54 meters long, 9 meters wide and 10 meters high" }, { "id": "f-1tfmscw", "lib": "escorial", "field": "architect", "value": "Juan de Herrera (bookcase system)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_the_Monastery_of_San_Lorenzo_de_El_Escorial", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Juan de Herrera designed the powerful bookcase system." }, { "id": "f-1gnz7uk", "lib": "escorial", "field": "volumes", "value": "1576 inventory 4,546 volumes; c.2007 about 1,300 Latin, 650 Greek, nearly 2,000 Arabic codices", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_the_Monastery_of_San_Lorenzo_de_El_Escorial", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "4546 volumes, including manuscripts (around 2000) and printed books (approximately 2500)" }, { "id": "f-0th3nt9", "lib": "vatican", "field": "built", "value": "Built under Sixtus V (1585-1590) by Domenico Fontana", "source": "https://m.museivaticani.va/content/dam/museivaticani/pdf/eventi_novita/iniziative/eventi/2013/MV_2_Museo_profano_biblioteca_apostolica.pdf", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Sisto V (1585-1590) ... non pose mano alla costruzione di una nuova fabbrica ... Domenico Fontana costruì il monumentale Salone intitolato al pontefice", "earliest": 1585, "latest": 1590 }, { "id": "f-01hvoax", "lib": "vatican", "field": "architect", "value": "Domenico Fontana", "source": "https://m.museivaticani.va/content/dam/museivaticani/pdf/eventi_novita/iniziative/eventi/2013/MV_2_Museo_profano_biblioteca_apostolica.pdf", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Domenico Fontana costruì il monumentale Salone intitolato al pontefice" }, { "id": "f-14fpvah", "lib": "vatican", "field": "volumes", "value": "Salone Sistino holds about 28,000 volumes; reading room (24 seats) opened Oct 2017", "source": "https://www.vatlib.it/it/la-biblioteca/sezione-sale-e-magazzini-stampati.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Nell'ottobre 2017 è stata aperta un'altra sala di consultazione: il Salone Sistino (che ospita circa 28.000 volumi), con 24 posti a sedere." }, { "id": "f-14txzdc", "lib": "mafra", "field": "dims", "value": "88 x 9.5 x 13 m", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafra_National_Palace", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "88 m long, 9.5 m wide and 13 m high" }, { "id": "f-0wabqux", "lib": "mafra", "field": "volumes", "value": "over 36,000 volumes", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafra_National_Palace", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "over 36,000 leather-bound volumes" }, { "id": "f-1w62h75", "lib": "mafra", "field": "architect", "value": "Palace: Joao Frederico Ludovice; library shelving: Manuel Caetano de Sousa", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafra_National_Palace", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Built by Manuel Caetano de Sousa ... wooden bookshelves ... rocaille style" }, { "id": "f-0ln09wv", "lib": "mafra", "field": "status_note", "value": "Library closed to public from 20 Aug 2025 for conservation works (14 months contracted, EUR 2.7M); reopening announced for end of 2025 (stale; current state not verified)", "source": "https://observador.pt/2025/08/21/biblioteca-do-palacio-nacional-de-mafra-encerrada-ate-ao-final-do-ano-para-obras/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "A Biblioteca do Palácio Nacional de Mafra está temporariamente encerrada ao público desde quarta-feira devido a obras de conservação e restauro" }, { "id": "f-0i4pgqo", "lib": "bnf", "field": "built", "value": "1861-1868", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/fr/le-site-richelieu-un-palais-au-coeur-de-paris", "tier": "primary", "quote": "réalisée entre 1861 et 1868", "earliest": 1861, "latest": 1868 }, { "id": "f-1qiik9i", "lib": "bnf", "field": "architect", "value": "Henri Labrouste", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/fr/le-site-richelieu-un-palais-au-coeur-de-paris", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Salle Labrouste ... Henri Labrouste" }, { "id": "f-1184xhv", "lib": "bnf", "field": "dims", "value": "nine tile-clad domes on sixteen slender cast-iron columns", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/fr/le-site-richelieu-un-palais-au-coeur-de-paris", "tier": "primary", "quote": "neuf coupoles revêtues de carreaux de faïence ... seize colonnes de fonte élancées" }, { "id": "f-0hx8bha", "lib": "bnf", "field": "status_note", "value": "Richelieu site reopened September 2022 after more than a decade of renovation", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/fr/le-site-richelieu-un-palais-au-coeur-de-paris", "tier": "primary", "quote": "reopening September 2022" }, { "id": "f-02tz7pd", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "Cave 17 is in the north wall of the corridor of Cave 16 and faces south (Dunhuang Academy, Digital Dunhuang).", "source": "https://www.e-dunhuang.com/cave/10.0001/0001.0001.0017", "tier": "primary", "quote": "此窟位于第16窟甬道北壁，坐北朝南" }, { "id": "f-128nacz", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "Plan close to square, with a truncated-pyramid (fudou) ceiling. The ceiling and its four slopes carry no painted content. The cave has no corridor of its own and no antechamber (Dunhuang Academy).", "source": "https://www.e-dunhuang.com/cave/10.0001/0001.0001.0017", "tier": "primary", "quote": "洞窟平面近于方形，覆斗形顶，窟顶及四披无壁画内容" }, { "id": "f-1ersbhh", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "A long rectangular low platform like a meditation bed stands in front of the north wall; a seated statue of the high monk Hong Bian sits on it (Dunhuang Academy).", "source": "https://www.e-dunhuang.com/cave/10.0001/0001.0001.0017", "tier": "primary", "quote": "北壁前设一长方形禅床式低坛，禅床上端坐一身高僧像" }, { "id": "f-0zg09su", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "North wall (behind the statue) is painted with a pair of trees. Under the west tree an attendant woman (holding a staff, with a cloth), a cloth bag hanging between the trees. Under the east tree a bhikkhuni with a round fan, a water flask hanging in the trees. East and south walls carry no painting (Dunhuang Academy).", "source": "https://www.e-dunhuang.com/cave/10.0001/0001.0001.0017", "tier": "primary", "quote": "北壁晚唐画双树" }, { "id": "f-0mq08x2", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "The west wall has an inscribed stele embedded in it, dated 851, 1.5 m high and 0.7 m wide. Its text is a Tang appointment document for Hong Bian plus an imperial edict (Dunhuang Academy).", "source": "https://www.e-dunhuang.com/cave/10.0001/0001.0001.0017", "tier": "primary", "quote": "碑高1.5米，宽0.7米" }, { "id": "f-02kj25t", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "Cave 17 measures no more than 6 square metres (China Daily, a news report; not a survey report). Cave 17 is also described as off the entrance corridor to Cave 16.", "source": "https://regional.chinadaily.com.cn/gansu/2025-05/08/c_1091241_2.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Cave 17 measures no more than 6 square meters" }, { "id": "f-0pty1yl", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "2.6 by 2.7 metres in plan, per a travel guide.", "source": "https://audiala.com/en/china/dunhuang/mogao-caves-library-cave", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "a chamber 2.6 by 2.7 metres" }, { "id": "f-1qpc878", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "About 3 metres high, per the same travel guide (approximate, \"barely 3 metres\").", "source": "https://audiala.com/en/china/dunhuang/mogao-caves-library-cave", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "a near-square room barely 3 metres high" }, { "id": "f-0ajbuwp", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "Hong Bian's portrait statue was moved elsewhere when the cave was sealed in the 11th century and has since been returned. The cave was therefore a shrine with the statue before it held manuscripts.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogao_Caves", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "His portrait statue, unusual here and among all surviving works in China, was removed to another spot when the cave was sealed up in the 11th century" }, { "id": "f-1fcquc5", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "In 1900 a walled-up area was found behind one side of a corridor leading to a main cave; behind the wall was a small cave stuffed with manuscripts.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogao_Caves", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "discovered a walled up area behind one side of a corridor leading to a main cave" }, { "id": "f-15d19fv", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "Manuscripts were found heaped in closely packed layers of bundles of scrolls, about 1,100 bundles plus paper books and shorter texts.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogao_Caves", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "heaped up in closely packed layers of bundles of scrolls" }, { "id": "f-0tqibnl", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "Aurel Stein, first to describe the cave in its original state, saw a solid mass of manuscript bundles heaped in layers without order, nearly ten feet high, about 500 cubic feet, leaving floor room for just two people to stand. Quoted on Wikipedia.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang_manuscripts", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Heaped up in layers, but without any order" }, { "id": "f-1whqdd1", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "recon", "value": "Many manuscripts were placed in wrapped bundles; Buddhist texts had been divided into sections, labelled and wrapped.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang_manuscripts", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "placed in wrapped bundles" }, { "id": "f-0e076s4", "lib": "vikramashila", "field": "recon", "value": "ASI: the monastery is a huge square, each side 330 m, with 208 cells (52 per side) opening into a common verandah. Some cells have brick arched underground chambers beneath, probably for confined meditation.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2016/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_bihar_vikramshila.asp", "tier": "primary", "quote": "each side measuring 330 metres having a series of 208 cells, 52 on each of the four sides opening into a common verandah" }, { "id": "f-10sq03p", "lib": "vikramashila", "field": "recon", "value": "ASI: the main stupa is brick laid in mud mortar, at the centre of the square monastery. Two terraces, cruciform plan, about 15 m high.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2016/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_bihar_vikramshila.asp", "tier": "primary", "quote": "brick structure laid in mud mortar and stands in the centre of the square monastery" }, { "id": "f-09igvaj", "lib": "vikramashila", "field": "recon", "value": "ASI: a rectangular structure identified as the library building, about 32 m south of the monastery at its south-west corner, joined to the monastery by a narrow corridor.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2016/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_bihar_vikramshila.asp", "tier": "primary", "quote": "a rectangular structure identified as library building" }, { "id": "f-1j892i5", "lib": "vikramashila", "field": "recon", "value": "ASI: the library was air-conditioned by cooled water from the adjoining reservoir through a range of vents in the back wall. \"Perhaps meant\" for preserving delicate manuscripts, so the purpose is an interpretation.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2016/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_bihar_vikramshila.asp", "tier": "primary", "quote": "air-conditioned by cooled water of the adjoining reservoir through a range of vents in the back wall" }, { "id": "f-0z1chq6", "lib": "vikramashila", "field": "recon", "value": "Wikipedia repeats the ASI wording: rectangular library building joined to the monastery by a narrow corridor, cooled by water from the adjoining reservoir through vents in the back wall.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikramashila", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "It was air-conditioned by cooled water of the adjoining reservoir through a range of vents in the back wall" }, { "id": "f-13tesc0", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "recon", "value": "No physical ruin of the House of Wisdom is identified. Dimitri Gutas argues that without consistent naming, a physical ruin or corroborating texts, the name may be a metaphor for the scholarly community, not a building.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "without consistent naming conventions, a physical ruin, or corroborating texts" }, { "id": "f-16ar8us", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "recon", "value": "Tradition says the Mongols destroyed the House of Wisdom when they attacked Baghdad in 1258.", "source": "https://muslimheritage.com/house-of-wisdom/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "mongols destroyed the House of Wisdom when they attacked Baghdad in 1258" }, { "id": "f-0mpteoh", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "recon", "value": "A popular account says al-Ma'mun built extensions to an original book collection and turned it into a large academy, adding an observatory in 829. Gutas disputes the institution.", "source": "https://muslimheritage.com/house-of-wisdom/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "built extensions to the original building turning it into a large academy" }, { "id": "f-0hdq4cd", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "recon", "value": "A 13th-century manuscript painting by al-Wasiti (Maqamat of al-Hariri) shows a library in Baghdad. It depicts a library, not the House of Wisdom specifically.", "source": "https://muslimheritage.com/house-of-wisdom/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "shows a library in Baghdad" }, { "id": "f-1hewyt1", "lib": "ashikaga", "field": "recon", "value": "In 1990 some buildings and gardens were restored to look as they did in the mid-Edo period (Japan Heritage directory).", "source": "https://cdn.gltjp.com/en/directory/item/10801", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "some of the buildings and gardens were restored to appear as they did during the middle of the Edo period" }, { "id": "f-18mkn3t", "lib": "ashikaga", "field": "recon", "value": "The Hojo (main hall) and garden were reconstructed and opened in 1990, after seven years of excavation, once the elementary school on the east half had moved out.", "source": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/足利学校", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "7年に及ぶ発掘調査とともに1990年（平成2年）に方丈や庭園が復元され公開" }, { "id": "f-1v7fjps", "lib": "ashikaga", "field": "recon", "value": "Surviving older buildings include the Confucian shrine (Koshibyo) and the school gate (Gakkomon), designated a national historic site in 1921.", "source": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/足利学校", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "孔子廟や学校門などの現存する建物は国の史跡に指定" }, { "id": "f-121pwzy", "lib": "ashikaga", "field": "recon", "value": "After closure in 1872 the east half of the site, where the Hojo stood, was converted to an elementary school and the Hojo dismantled; many buildings were removed.", "source": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/足利学校", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "うち東半分の方丈は解体され小学校に転用され" }, { "id": "f-1cgxt41", "lib": "ashikaga", "field": "recon", "value": "Ashikaga city plan: the reconstructed buildings have thatched and board-shingle roofs. Re-roofing works list thatch for the Hojo, Kuri, wood shed and rear gate, and board roofs for the Kuri, Shoin, Shuryo and new storehouse.", "source": "https://www.city.ashikaga.tochigi.jp/manage/contents/upload/633fc61161ace.pdf", "tier": "primary", "quote": "復元建物の茅葺・板葺屋根" }, { "id": "f-10qi4jp", "lib": "ashikaga", "field": "recon", "value": "Ashikaga city plan lists the Kuri and Shoin among buildings getting board-roof repair, and groups reconstructed buildings, the Sanmon gate and the Taiseiden hall as the historic buildings.", "source": "https://www.city.ashikaga.tochigi.jp/manage/contents/upload/633fc61161ace.pdf", "tier": "primary", "quote": "板葺屋根改修工事（庫裡、書院）" }, { "id": "f-0b7c8dp", "lib": "ashikaga", "field": "recon", "value": "In 1903 the first public library in Tochigi was set up on the school grounds (Ashikaga Gakko Iseki Library) to keep the old collection. This is a modern library, not a historic library hall.", "source": "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/足利学校", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "足利学校の敷地内に、栃木県内初の公共図書館である足利学校遺蹟図書館" }, { "id": "f-16omr4e", "lib": "ashikaga", "field": "recon", "value": "The building called Hojo hosted lectures and events in the past.", "source": "https://cdn.gltjp.com/en/directory/item/10801", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Lectures and events were held here in the past" }, { "id": "f-1lrzf5s", "lib": "ashikaga", "field": "recon", "value": "The present building is a reconstruction of the school as it was in the Edo period.", "source": "https://www.ashikaga-kankou.jp/en/spot/ashikagagakko", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The present building is a reconstruction of the school in the Edo Period" }, { "id": "f-1npn1oz", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Two high vaulted rooms, one for Greek and one for Latin authors, in the Danube-facing wing next to the throne room (hungarianconservative.com, no witness named). Csapodi traces the two-room version to Oláh (two vaulted chambers) and says Naldi describes only one room; the second was added later as the collection grew.", "source": "https://www.hungarianconservative.com/articles/culture_society/medieval-royal-library_hungary_king-matthias", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "It occupied two high vaulted rooms, one for Greek and the other for Latin authors." }, { "id": "f-1aae8x6", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "A contemporary report says the library was two large halls divided into Greek and Latin writings (unattributed). Csapodi: Naldi describes one room, Oláh two, so the number of halls depends on the witness and the date.", "source": "https://www.unesco.at/en/communication/documentary-heritage/memory-of-the-world-in-austria/bibliotheca-corviniana", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "was made up of two large halls and divided into Greek and Latin writings" }, { "id": "f-01l1w1o", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Accounts differ: hungarianconservative.com says volumes sat on carved, gilded pedestals along the walls under coloured shrouds, and names no witness. corvina.hu (Naldi) says bookcases with inlaid decoration and open shelves behind heavy red curtains. Csapodi (gilded shelves in three rows, curtains, carved chests beneath) and Pajorin (three-part shelves, curtains, chests beneath) both describe shelves with curtains; neither mentions pedestals or shrouds. Follow corvina.hu/Csapodi/Pajorin; pedestals unsupported.", "source": "https://www.hungarianconservative.com/articles/culture_society/medieval-royal-library_hungary_king-matthias", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "They were placed on carved, gilded pedestals running along the walls, covered with coloured shrouds to protect them from dust." }, { "id": "f-1g7mjsx", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Accounts differ: hungarianconservative.com has a royal rostrum between the stained-glass windows overlooking the Danube. Csapodi has the king's couch covered with a golden cloth between two stained-glass windows; Pajorin has a bed with a gold coverlet at the end of Naldi's hall so the king could rest while reading. Both of those rest on Naldi; no rostrum appears in them.", "source": "https://www.hungarianconservative.com/articles/culture_society/medieval-royal-library_hungary_king-matthias", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Between the stained-glass windows overlooking the Danube stood the royal rostrum" }, { "id": "f-031ois9", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Volumes rested on the shelves with the front cover down, so people entering could see the decorated bindings.", "source": "https://www.corvina.oszk.hu/en/about-corvinas/history/history-of-the-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The volumes rested on the shelves with their front cover down" }, { "id": "f-1an1jey", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Highly vaulted library premises on the first floor of the royal palace, in the Danube-facing wing, close to the royal chapel (Csapodi, citing Naldi and Gerevich).", "source": "https://tertullian.org/articles/csapodi_corviniana.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The highly vaulted premises of the library on the first floor of the royal palace of Buda in the wing overlooking the Danube were situated in the immediate vicinity of the royal chapel." }, { "id": "f-08bfmpi", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Light came through two stained-glass windows, between which stood the king's couch covered with a golden cloth (Csapodi, on Naldi). Pajorin separately has a bed with a gold coverlet at the end of Naldi's hall.", "source": "https://tertullian.org/articles/csapodi_corviniana.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Light streamed into the room through two stained-glass windows, between which stood the king's couch covered with a golden cloth." }, { "id": "f-0frnsw2", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Gilded shelves in three rows ran all around the walls; manuscripts lay on them grouped by content, with curtains of coloured and golden yarn against dust.", "source": "https://tertullian.org/articles/csapodi_corviniana.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Gilded shelves in three rows ran all around the walls." }, { "id": "f-1cydtng", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Books without room on the shelves were kept in richly carved chests beneath them; three-legged chairs stood in the room for readers (Csapodi).", "source": "https://tertullian.org/articles/csapodi_corviniana.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The rest of the books, for which there was not enough room on the shelves, were kept in richly carved chests beneath the shelves." }, { "id": "f-0n37gbi", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Shelves divided in three parts, decorated with leaves and precious stones, with purple curtains woven with gold thread against dust; codices without room above kept in chests below.", "source": "https://iti.abtk.hu/images/pajorin/lopera-di-naldo.pdf", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "scaffali divisi in tre parti, ornati da foglie e da pietre preziose, con delle tende di porpora intessuta di fili d'oro che proteggono i libri dalia polvere" }, { "id": "f-0cp3mek", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Naldi calls the library a 'sacellum sapientiae' and places it next to the palace chapel, so the king could hear the choir from the library.", "source": "https://iti.abtk.hu/images/pajorin/lopera-di-naldo.pdf", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "che é adiacente alla cappella dél palazzo" }, { "id": "f-0rvwe1u", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "The vault of the library showed the sky at the moment Matthias became king of Bohemia (Csapodi, citing Stephan Gerlach's diary). Pajorin: Naldi does not mention the horoscopes; foreign visitors of the later 16th century do. She adds that one vault carried the king's horoscope, and that Vladislaus overpainted the Bohemia constellation of another with his own, so details differ between summaries.", "source": "https://tertullian.org/articles/csapodi_corviniana.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "On the vaulting of the library itself the constellation of the stars represented the moment when Matthias became king of Bohemia." }, { "id": "f-15glifa", "lib": "buda", "field": "recon", "value": "Csapodi quotes Oláh for two vaulted chambers, the first stocked with Greek volumes and the inner with Latin codices, and notes Naldi describes one room.", "source": "https://tertullian.org/articles/csapodi_corviniana.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "duae obviae sunt aedes concameratae" }, { "id": "f-0ggo9x1", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "built", "value": "Officially inaugurated 16 October 2002", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the complex was officially inaugurated on 16 October 2002", "earliest": 1995, "latest": 2002 }, { "id": "f-0i790tx", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "architect", "value": "Snohetta, a Norwegian firm", "source": "http://www.infotoday.com/it/dec02/bilboul.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "(Norwegian firm Snohetta was selected.)" }, { "id": "f-182ssyw", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "dims", "value": "Main reading room 20,000 square metres (220,000 sq ft) on eleven cascading levels", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the main reading room covering 20,000 square metres (220,000 sq ft) on eleven cascading levels" }, { "id": "f-0fnolkw", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "dims", "value": "Reading room stands beneath a 32-metre-high glass-panelled roof", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The main reading room stands beneath a 32-meter-high glass-panelled roof" }, { "id": "f-00tlze4", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "volumes", "value": "Shelf space for eight million books", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The library offers shelf space for eight million books" }, { "id": "f-1i59giz", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "volumes", "value": "Held only 500,000 books in 2002", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the library held only 500,000 books in 2002" }, { "id": "f-18t6rmm", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "collection", "value": "Four museums: Antiquities, Manuscripts, Sadat and History of Science", "source": "https://www.bibalex.org/en/page/overview", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Four museums: The Antiquities Museum The Manuscripts Museum The Sadat Museum The History of Science Museum" }, { "id": "f-0irr6vl", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "place", "value": "About 100 yards from where the ancient library stood", "source": "http://www.infotoday.com/it/dec02/bilboul.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "About 100 yards from where the ancient library stood" }, { "id": "f-0wn1ddj", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "status_note", "value": "Cost more than $200 million", "source": "http://www.infotoday.com/it/dec02/bilboul.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The project, which cost more than $200 million" }, { "id": "f-0f8c78s", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "status_note", "value": "Founded by Sir James Mackintosh as the Literary Society of Bombay", "source": "http://asiaticsociety.org.in/index.php/about-us/history-asiatic", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The Asiatic Society of Mumbai was founded by Sir James Mackintosh", "earliest": 1804, "latest": 1804 }, { "id": "f-063foxb", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "status_note", "value": "Merged in 1826 with the Royal Asiatic Society as its Bombay Branch", "source": "http://asiaticsociety.org.in/index.php/about-us/history-asiatic", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In 1826, the Literary Society merged with the recently established Royal Society of Great Britain and Ireland (RAS) as its Bombay Branch", "earliest": 1826, "latest": 1826 }, { "id": "f-1xfx11k", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "status_note", "value": "Moved into the Town Hall building in 1830 (society history)", "source": "http://asiaticsociety.org.in/index.php/about-us/history-asiatic", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In 1830, it moved into the Town Hall Building", "earliest": 1830, "latest": 1830 }, { "id": "f-18vx2r8", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "architect", "value": "Town Hall designed by Colonel Thomas Cowper, Bombay Engineers; neoclassical", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai_Town_Hall", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Architects Colonel Thomas Cowper, Bombay Engineers" }, { "id": "f-0wz0iav", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "built", "value": "Town Hall construction completed in 1833 (Wikipedia)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai_Town_Hall", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Construction was eventually completed in 1833.", "earliest": 1811, "latest": 1833 }, { "id": "f-0zdwgye", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "dims", "value": "Town Hall height 30 m (98 ft), span 61 m (200 ft)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai_Town_Hall", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "a height of 30 m (98 ft) and a span of 61 m (200 ft)" }, { "id": "f-1mo2z2i", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "dims", "value": "30 steps up to a pedimented portico with eight Doric columns", "source": "http://asiaticsociety.org.in/index.php/about-us/history-asiatic", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The dramatic flight of 30 steps up the Town Hall, the pedimented portico with its eight Doric columns" }, { "id": "f-0wewyom", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "volumes", "value": "Library of over a hundred thousand books, 15,000 of them classed rare and valuable", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The library of the society has over a hundred thousand books out of which 15,000 are classified as rare and valuable." }, { "id": "f-0thfooo", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "collection", "value": "1,300 maps", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Its map collection comprises 1300 maps." }, { "id": "f-0slkmwf", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "collection", "value": "Dante Divine Comedy codex written in the second half of the 15th century, on parchment, richly illustrated; given by Mountstuart Elphinstone, governor of Bombay and society president 1819-1827", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "was written in the second half of the 15th century. It is a beautiful codex on parchment and richly illustrated.", "earliest": 1450, "latest": 1499 }, { "id": "f-146rma6", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "place", "value": "A public academy and intellectual center of the Abbasid era, also called the Grand Library of Baghdad", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "public academy and intellectual center" }, { "id": "f-0dxuzc0", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "place", "value": "Wikipedia: founded either as a library for the collections of Harun al-Rashid; origin uncertain", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "founded either as a library for the collections of the fifth Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid" }, { "id": "f-1d22r83", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "place", "value": "Muslim Heritage Foundation: founded by Harun al-Rashid (786-809)", "source": "https://muslimheritage.com/house-of-wisdom/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid founded the House of Wisdom in Baghdad during his reign (786-809)" }, { "id": "f-0c9d2pj", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "status_note", "value": "Also called Khizanat al-Hikma, 'Storehouse of Wisdom'", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Khizanat al-Hikma (literally, \"Storehouse of Wisdom\")" }, { "id": "f-183r1s9", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "place", "value": "Sahl ibn Harun was chief librarian", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Sahl ibn Harun, a Persian poet and astrologer, was the chief librarian of the Bayt al-Hikma" }, { "id": "f-198fuco", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "status_note", "value": "Hunayn ibn Ishaq was the most productive translator, producing 116 works for the Arabs", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "was the most productive translator, producing 116 works for the Arabs" }, { "id": "f-1qai094", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "recon", "value": "Gutas notes that none of the Graeco-Arabic translations, including those of Hunayn ibn Ishaq, mention the House of Wisdom.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Gutas mentions that in all of the Graeco-Arabic translations none of them mention the House of Wisdom" }, { "id": "f-1vhk4jx", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "status_note", "value": "Wikipedia: considerably declined under al-Mutawakkil after flourishing under al-Mutasim and al-Wathiq.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "but considerably declined under the reign of al-Mutawakkil" }, { "id": "f-1khmsm6", "lib": "binhai", "field": "dims", "value": "Five levels, 33,700 m2 total (English Wikipedia)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin_Binhai_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The five-level library has a total space of 33,700 square meters" }, { "id": "f-1gicwe3", "lib": "binhai", "field": "dims", "value": "34,200 m2 building (MVRDV news, June 2016)", "source": "https://mvrdv.com/zh/news/mvrdv-library-in-tianjin-tops-out", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The 34,200 m 2 building" }, { "id": "f-132vpm2", "lib": "binhai", "field": "volumes", "value": "1.2 million books", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin_Binhai_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Collection Size 1.2 million books" }, { "id": "f-1wm18sa", "lib": "binhai", "field": "architect", "value": "Designed by Rotterdam-based MVRDV (English Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin_Binhai_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "designed by the Rotterdam -based architectural firm MVRDV" }, { "id": "f-1h559gu", "lib": "binhai", "field": "built", "value": "Built 2014 to 2017", "source": "https://www.mvrdv.com/projects/246/tianjinbinhai-", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Year 2014–2017", "earliest": 2014, "latest": 2017 }, { "id": "f-1fiqzne", "lib": "binhai", "field": "built", "value": "Opened in October 2017", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin_Binhai_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "It opened in October 2017.", "earliest": 2017, "latest": 2017 }, { "id": "f-0wz0cl8", "lib": "binhai", "field": "place", "value": "Part of a 120,000 m2 masterplan by GMP", "source": "https://www.mvrdv.com/projects/246/tianjinbinhai-", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "GMP’s 120,000m2 masterplan" }, { "id": "f-1304rec", "lib": "binhai", "field": "collection", "value": "Book spines printed onto the backs of the shelf space (English Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin_Binhai_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "book spines were printed onto the backs of the shelf space" }, { "id": "f-1tox7zw", "lib": "bnf", "field": "dims", "value": "Oval Room 43.70 m by 32.80 m, 18 m high", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/fr/le-site-richelieu-un-palais-au-coeur-de-paris", "tier": "primary", "quote": "un ovale de 43,70 m sur 32,80 m, 18 m de hauteur" }, { "id": "f-1tqn3gu", "lib": "bnf", "field": "architect", "value": "Oval Room construction by Jean-Louis Pascal began in 1897; completed in 1932 by Alfred Recoura", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/en/richelieu-site-palace-heart-paris", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The Oval Room’s construction by Jean-Louis Pascal started in 1897, and it was completed in 1932 by Alfred Recoura" }, { "id": "f-1xz9w7l", "lib": "bnf", "field": "built", "value": "Storeroom built for 1.2 million volumes, already too small on opening day", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/en/richelieu-site-palace-heart-paris", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Built to house 1.2 million volumes, the storeroom was already too small as from the day it opened" }, { "id": "f-0zd8rpu", "lib": "bnf", "field": "status_note", "value": "Closed for works in September 2016; reopened in 2022 as a freely accessible room", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/en/richelieu-site-palace-heart-paris", "tier": "primary", "quote": "It closed for works in September 2016 and finally reopened in 2022 as a freely accessible room" }, { "id": "f-1rvq8pc", "lib": "bnf", "field": "place", "value": "Richelieu site: first establishment in Cardinal Mazarin former palace in 1721-1722.", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/en/richelieu-site-palace-heart-paris", "tier": "primary", "quote": "tricentennial of its first establishment in Cardinal Mazarin" }, { "id": "f-0pb2as3", "lib": "bnf", "field": "place", "value": "The Richelieu site was the main location of the library for 275 years, 1721 to 1996.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "This site was the main location of the library for 275 years, from 1721 to 1996" }, { "id": "f-1645hk6", "lib": "bnf", "field": "collection", "value": "Library traces its origin to the royal library founded at the Louvre Palace by Charles V in 1368.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "traces its origin to the royal library founded at the Louvre Palace by Charles V in 1368" }, { "id": "f-0w70pjz", "lib": "bnf", "field": "collection", "value": "Collection transferred to England in 1424", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "who transferred it to England in 1424" }, { "id": "f-10dxycf", "lib": "bnf", "field": "collection", "value": "Gallica's ten millionth document was added on 30 March 2023", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "on 30 March 2023 the ten millionth document was added" }, { "id": "f-069t5f3", "lib": "bnf", "field": "collection", "value": "The site housed a storeroom of the Rare Book Reserve until 1998", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/en/richelieu-site-palace-heart-paris", "tier": "primary", "quote": "It housed a storeroom of the Rare Book Reserve until 1998" }, { "id": "f-0nmg2zq", "lib": "celsus", "field": "collection", "value": "Believed to have held around 12,000 scrolls", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Celsus&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "is believed to have held around 12,000 scrolls" }, { "id": "f-07mwlmz", "lib": "celsus", "field": "collection", "value": "Another source gives a capacity of up to 16,000 scrolls", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Celsus&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "a holding capacity of up to sixteen thousand scrolls" }, { "id": "f-06845hc", "lib": "celsus", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Celsus is buried in a decorated marble sarcophagus in a crypt beneath the library.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Celsus&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Celsus is buried in a crypt beneath the library in a decorated marble" }, { "id": "f-02qmvqp", "lib": "celsus", "field": "dims", "value": "Monumental nine-step flight of stairs", "source": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsus-Bibliothek", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "eine monumentale, neunstufige Freitreppe" }, { "id": "f-1s3xp1z", "lib": "celsus", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Four statues of the female virtues on the facade are not originals.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Celsus&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The four statues of the female virtues are not originals" }, { "id": "f-13vcbtv", "lib": "celsus", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Some architectural elements are held in museums in Vienna and Istanbul.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Celsus&action=raw", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "some of the architectural elements had been acquired by" }, { "id": "f-19tzmsj", "lib": "connemara", "field": "built", "value": "Foundation laid by Lord Connemara on 22 March 1890", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connemara_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Lord Connemara , to lay the foundation on 22 March 1890.", "earliest": 1890, "latest": 1896 }, { "id": "f-1qng7ln", "lib": "connemara", "field": "architect", "value": "Madras Musings: building credited to Namberumal Chetty, interior flourishes by Henry Irwin", "source": "http://www.madrasmusings.com/Vol%2020%20No%203/museum-library-and-theatre.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The building is yet another Namberumal Chetty triumph. But the interior flourishes, so reminiscent of those of Bank of Madras (SBI), are Henry Irwin's." }, { "id": "f-1lsyvvf", "lib": "connemara", "field": "architect", "value": "The Hindu: designed by H Irving, consulting architect to the Government of Madras, in Indo-Saracenic style", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/society/this-world-book-day-walk-the-alleys-of-centuries-old-connemara-public-library/article23645555.ece", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Conceptualised and designed by H Irving, the then-consulting architect to Government of Madras, the building follows the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture." }, { "id": "f-0dhtsin", "lib": "connemara", "field": "dims", "value": "Heritage building measures 20,000 sq ft", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/heritage-building-at-connemara-library-undergoing-renovation/article29308940.ece", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the building which measures 20,000 sq. ft was built in 1894", "earliest": 1894, "latest": 1894 }, { "id": "f-1uiux2r", "lib": "connemara", "field": "volumes", "value": "Over 600,000 books (Wikipedia)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connemara_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The library has a collection of over 600,000 books." }, { "id": "f-1xt1u1x", "lib": "connemara", "field": "collection", "value": "Old building houses a rare collection of over one lakh books", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/society/this-world-book-day-walk-the-alleys-of-centuries-old-connemara-public-library/article23645555.ece", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The old building houses a rare collection of over one lakh books." }, { "id": "f-05vngrr", "lib": "connemara", "field": "collection", "value": "Rare items include a Bible published in 1608 and Photographic Views in Madura published in 1858", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/society/this-world-book-day-walk-the-alleys-of-centuries-old-connemara-public-library/article23645555.ece", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "such as the Bible published in 1608 and Photographic Views in Madura published in 1858" }, { "id": "f-1kr79rt", "lib": "connemara", "field": "status_note", "value": "Became the state central library in 1948 under the Madras Public Libraries Act 1948; in 1981 designated one of four national depository libraries", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connemara_Public_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "It became the state central library in 1948", "earliest": 1948, "latest": 1948 }, { "id": "f-0nrdtrb", "lib": "connemara", "field": "place", "value": "The museum moved to The Pantheon in 1854", "source": "http://www.madrasmusings.com/Vol%2020%20No%203/museum-library-and-theatre.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The move was made in 1854 to The Pantheon .", "earliest": 1854, "latest": 1859 }, { "id": "f-1gszn2s", "lib": "connemara", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Reading room restored 2004-7", "source": "http://www.madrasmusings.com/Vol%2020%20No%203/museum-library-and-theatre.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "that has been restored in 2004-7, but to which, unfortunately, access is not permitted.", "earliest": 2004, "latest": 2007 }, { "id": "f-0fjl2pq", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "built", "value": "Temple first built in 802 (English Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeinsa", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The temple was first built in 802.", "earliest": 802, "latest": 802 }, { "id": "f-1ughozi", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "collection", "value": "Tripitaka Koreana carved onto 81,350 wooden printing blocks, housed at Haeinsa since 1398 (English Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeinsa", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "carved onto 81,350 wooden printing blocks, which it has housed since 1398", "earliest": 1398, "latest": 1398 }, { "id": "f-0rzzwn2", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "volumes", "value": "New World Encyclopedia and a section of English Wikipedia: 81,258 blocks", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeinsa", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "houses the 81,258 wooden printing blocks" }, { "id": "f-0n0nr4s", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "volumes", "value": "UNESCO: approximately 80,000 woodblocks.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/737/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "engraved on approximately 80,000 woodblocks between 1237 and 1248", "earliest": 1237, "latest": 1248 }, { "id": "f-1lrvbcy", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "dims", "value": "Two main halls each 60.44 m long, 8.73 m wide, 7.8 m high (English Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeinsa", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "60.44 meters in length, 8.73 meters in width, and 7.8 meters in height" }, { "id": "f-1tx27ut", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "place", "value": "Storage complex at 655 m above sea level, on the highest point of the temple.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeinsa", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "is 655 meters above sea level" }, { "id": "f-1jo4goo", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "built", "value": "Storage halls constructed in the 15th century (UNESCO); English Wikipedia says Sejo expanded and renovated them in 1457.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/737/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Constructed in the 15th century in the traditional style of the early Joseon period", "earliest": 1400, "latest": 1499 }, { "id": "f-08mczbg", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "built", "value": "Believed to have been expanded and renovated by Sejo of Joseon in 1457", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeinsa", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "it is believed that Sejo of Joseon expanded and renovated it in 1457", "earliest": 1457, "latest": 1457 }, { "id": "f-1hf29k2", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "status_note", "value": "Janggyeong Panjeon made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995; National Treasure 20 December 1962.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeinsa", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995", "earliest": 1995, "latest": 1995 }, { "id": "f-13you34", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Woodblocks preserved about 500 years against rodents and insects by the depositories design (UNESCO).", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/737/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "preserving the woodblocks for some 500 years from rodent and insect infestation" }, { "id": "f-0guml0f", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "status_note", "value": "English Wikipedia: burned down in a fire in 1817 and rebuilt in 1818", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeinsa", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Haeinsa was burned down in a fire in 1817 and was rebuilt in 1818.", "earliest": 1817, "latest": 1818 }, { "id": "f-1sacnzn", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "status_note", "value": "New World Encyclopedia: seven fires destroyed most of its buildings between 1695 and 1871", "source": "https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Haeinsa", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Between 1695 to 1871, Haeinsa suffered destruction to most its buildings by fire seven times.", "earliest": 1695, "latest": 1871 }, { "id": "f-0xvd6d6", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "status_note", "value": "New World Encyclopedia: building completed in 1490", "source": "https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Haeinsa", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "completing the building in 1490", "earliest": 1488, "latest": 1490 }, { "id": "f-1wiqn2p", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "status_note", "value": "In September 1951 Colonel Kim Young-hwan refused an order to bomb the temple", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeinsa", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Air Force Colonel Kim Young-hwan was ordered to destroy the temple. He refused", "earliest": 1951, "latest": 1951 }, { "id": "f-0q6x6vy", "lib": "hereford", "field": "place", "value": "The first library room was established in the south-west cloister of the cathedral in the 15th century.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the first library room was established, in the south-west cloister of the cathedral, in the 15th century" }, { "id": "f-0i4ws32", "lib": "hereford", "field": "place", "value": "In 1590 the whole library was moved to the Lady Chapel.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "In 1590 the whole library was moved to the Lady Chapel" }, { "id": "f-0wkl3if", "lib": "hereford", "field": "built", "value": "The Chained Library, with manuscripts chained to their places, was established in 1611 by Thomas Thornton.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "in 1611 the Chained Library (with books in manuscript chained to their places) was established by Thomas Thornton" }, { "id": "f-1u9mb5n", "lib": "hereford", "field": "collection", "value": "About 229 manuscripts, mainly theological, dated from the 8th to the 16th centuries.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "some 229 manuscripts, mainly theological, dated from the 8th to the 16th centuries" }, { "id": "f-07p0sgs", "lib": "hereford", "field": "collection", "value": "The Hereford Gospels, in Anglo-Saxon characters, date to around 780 and were the only book to survive the 1055 fire.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Hereford Gospels in Anglo-Saxon characters, dates to around the year 780 and was the only book to survive the 1055 fire" }, { "id": "f-07jqspp", "lib": "hereford", "field": "remains_today", "value": "The library is described as the only one of its type to survive with all chains, rods and locks intact.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the only library of this type to survive with all of the chains, rods and locks still intact" }, { "id": "f-0mvprzv", "lib": "hereford", "field": "collection", "value": "A general survey of chained libraries says only five worldwide survive with their original furniture, chains and books.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chained_library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Worldwide, only five chained libraries have survived with their original furniture, chains, and books" }, { "id": "f-1jnx8ht", "lib": "hereford", "field": "status_note", "value": "A new library building designed by Sir William Whitfield was opened on 3 May 1996 by the Queen.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "a new building designed by Sir William Whitfield was opened on 3 May 1996 by the Queen" }, { "id": "f-07qaq2p", "lib": "hereford", "field": "status_note", "value": "In 1988 the Dean and Chapter proposed selling the Mappa Mundi", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "In 1988 the Dean and Chapter proposed the sale of the Mappa Mundi" }, { "id": "f-08gffuj", "lib": "hereford", "field": "collection", "value": "The Hereford Mappa Mundi is the largest medieval map still known to exist", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereford_Mappa_Mundi", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the largest medieval map still known to exist" }, { "id": "f-1sp265t", "lib": "joanina", "field": "built", "value": "Named for its founder King John V of Portugal, who began construction in 1717. Received its first books in 1750.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Joanina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "who began construction on the library in 1717" }, { "id": "f-15mptd6", "lib": "joanina", "field": "architect", "value": "English Wikipedia infobox names the architect as João Carvalho Ferreira; style Baroque.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Joanina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Architect João Carvalho Ferreira Style Baroque" }, { "id": "f-16q27wq", "lib": "joanina", "field": "dims", "value": "About 1250 square metres of usable area today, gained by arranging two levels of cellars.", "source": "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Joanina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Os seus cerca de 1250 m² úteis actuais foram obtidos com o arranjo de dois níveis de caves" }, { "id": "f-1jprpzf", "lib": "joanina", "field": "collection", "value": "Constant temperature of 18-20 C", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Joanina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "constant temperature of 18–20 °C" }, { "id": "f-1gjqvll", "lib": "joanina", "field": "architect", "value": "Shelves painted and gilded by Manuel da Silva", "source": "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Joanina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "a pintura e douradura das estantes foi realizada por Manuel da Silva" }, { "id": "f-0qhd88n", "lib": "joanina", "field": "built", "value": "Painting executed by Domenico Dupra in 1725", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Joanina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "executed by Domenico Duprà in 1725" }, { "id": "f-0j3pn3w", "lib": "joanina", "field": "status_note", "value": "Designated UNESCO World Heritage in 2013 as part of the University of Coimbra (reference 1387).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Coimbra", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Reference no. 1387" }, { "id": "f-0c4guh6", "lib": "joanina", "field": "status_note", "value": "Added to the biennial World Monuments Watch list in 2014.", "source": "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Joanina", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "em 2014 a Biblioteca entrou para a lista bienal do World Monuments Watch" }, { "id": "f-1l1i44j", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "status_note", "value": "Opened to the public in October 1891 by Khan Bahadur Khuda Bakhsh with 4,000 manuscripts", "source": "https://culture.gov.in/khuda-baksh-oriental-public-library-patna", "tier": "primary", "quote": "it was opened for public in October, 1891 by the illustrious son of Bihar Khan Bahadur Khuda Bakhsh with 4,000 manuscripts, of which he inherited 1,400 from his father.", "earliest": 1891, "latest": 1891 }, { "id": "f-15x64jw", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "status_note", "value": "Wikipedia infobox text: opened to the public 29 October 1891", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "It was opened to public on 29 October 1891 by Khan Bahadur Khuda Bakhsh with 4,000 manuscripts", "earliest": 1891, "latest": 1891 }, { "id": "f-1h7r3gv", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "status_note", "value": "Wikipedia, another passage: inaugurated by Sir Charles Alfred Elliott on 5 October 1891", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuda_Bakhsh_Oriental_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Governor of Bengal on 5 October 1891", "earliest": 1891, "latest": 1891 }, { "id": "f-0vs6bvt", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "status_note", "value": "Institution of National Importance by Act of Parliament, 1969", "source": "https://culture.gov.in/khuda-baksh-oriental-public-library-patna", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Institution of National Importance by an act of Parliament in 1969.", "earliest": 1969, "latest": 1969 }, { "id": "f-1ry4fko", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "collection", "value": "21,136 manuscripts in Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Turkish and Pashtu", "source": "https://culture.gov.in/khuda-baksh-oriental-public-library-patna", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Turkish and Pashtu Manuscripts 21,136" }, { "id": "f-028esmk", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "volumes", "value": "2,082,904 printed books (Ministry of Culture)", "source": "https://culture.gov.in/khuda-baksh-oriental-public-library-patna", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Printed Book Collections 2,082,904" }, { "id": "f-1kn7fu0", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "volumes", "value": "About 21,000 manuscripts and 2.5 lakh books (The Hindu, 2021)", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/intach-opposes-proposal-for-partial-demolition-of-khuda-bakhsh-library/article34292818.ece", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The library currently has 21,000 manuscripts and 2.5 lakh books" }, { "id": "f-09b9ygd", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "built", "value": "Curzon Reading Room built 1905, named after Lord Curzon, who visited in 1903 and gave funds to expand", "source": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/12/anger-over-plan-to-raze-part-of-iconic-indian-library-for-flyover", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Curzon Reading Room – built in 1905 and named after the British viceroy to India, Lord Curzon, who visited the institution in 1903", "earliest": 1903, "latest": 1905 }, { "id": "f-058cf5q", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "collection", "value": "Tarikh-e Khandan-e Timuriya is listed in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register", "source": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/12/anger-over-plan-to-raze-part-of-iconic-indian-library-for-flyover", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Tarikh-e Khandan-e Timuriya, is mentioned in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register" }, { "id": "f-1veny3j", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "collection", "value": "Rare holdings include a Shahnama by Firdausi and Mughal miniature paintings", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/intach-opposes-proposal-for-partial-demolition-of-khuda-bakhsh-library/article34292818.ece", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "with rare collections of Shahnama by Firdausi, Mughal miniature paintings" }, { "id": "f-0vl2tx7", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "architect", "value": "Matteo Nuti, chosen by Malatesta Novello, was the architect", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Malatestiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "He certainly chose the architect, Matteo Nuti" }, { "id": "f-0v0il45", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "built", "value": "Purpose-built 1447 to 1452 and opened in 1454 (another source)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Malatestiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Purpose-built from 1447 to 1452 and opened in 1454" }, { "id": "f-1omkln5", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "architect", "value": "The main doorway was the work of sculptor Agostino di Duccio.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Malatestiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The main doorway was the work of sculptor Agostino di Duccio" }, { "id": "f-197bpcz", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "volumes", "value": "Over 400,000 books including over 340 codices (English article).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Malatestiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "over 400,000 books, including over 340 codices" }, { "id": "f-1s0aogs", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "collection", "value": "It has lost only six volumes (English article).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Malatestiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "it has lost only six volumes" }, { "id": "f-0cf0pdr", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "built", "value": "Officially opened 5 June 1931 by Sir Joseph A. Byrne", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMillan_Memorial_Library,_Nairobi", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "officially opened on 5 June 1931 by Sir Joseph A. Byrne", "earliest": 1931, "latest": 1931 }, { "id": "f-0uwjbod", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "status_note", "value": "Largely financed by the Carnegie Corporation of New York (English Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMillan_Memorial_Library,_Nairobi", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "largely financed by the Carnegie Corporation of New York" }, { "id": "f-0xsr5ds", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "status_note", "value": "Opened to the general public in 1962 (English Wikipedia)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMillan_Memorial_Library,_Nairobi", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "opened to the general public in 1962", "earliest": 1958, "latest": 1962 }, { "id": "f-0qbx7m4", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "status_note", "value": "Restricted to segregated use by European settlers until 1958 (Book Bunk)", "source": "https://bookbunk.org/libraries/mcmillan-memorial-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Restricted to segregated use by European settlers until 1958", "earliest": 1958, "latest": 1958 }, { "id": "f-16n89cr", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "architect", "value": "Neo-classical design (English Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMillan_Memorial_Library,_Nairobi", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "neo-classical design" }, { "id": "f-0yrvm2f", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "volumes", "value": "More than 400,000 books including East African newspapers and periodicals dating back to 1901 (English Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMillan_Memorial_Library,_Nairobi", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "more than 400,000 books including East African newspapers and periodicals dating back to 1901" }, { "id": "f-1fbkuat", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "status_note", "value": "Second oldest library in Kenya after the Seif bin Salim Library in Mombasa (English Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMillan_Memorial_Library,_Nairobi", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "second oldest in Kenya after the Seif bin Salim Library in Mombasa" }, { "id": "f-0yqpltt", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "status_note", "value": "Only building in Kenya covered by its own Act of Parliament (Book Bunk).", "source": "https://bookbunk.org/libraries/mcmillan-memorial-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the only building in Kenya covered by its own Act of Parliament" }, { "id": "f-08ikv6u", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Closure to the public scheduled for June to October 2026 (The Standard)", "source": "https://standardmedia.co.ke/health/amp/arts-culture/article/2001551272/mcmillan-nairobis-oldest-library-shuts-doors-as-renovation-begins", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the closure will run from June to October 2026", "earliest": 2026, "latest": 2026 }, { "id": "f-04batoy", "lib": "morgan", "field": "status_note", "value": "Belle da Costa Greene was first librarian for more than four decades", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Morgan erected the main building between 1902 and 1906, with Belle da Costa Greene serving as its first librarian for more than four decades" }, { "id": "f-13t7akv", "lib": "morgan", "field": "architect", "value": "Morgan first hired Warren and Wetmore for a Baroque-style library, then hired Charles McKim.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Morgan first hired Warren and Wetmore to design a Baroque-style library" }, { "id": "f-1nq2d7q", "lib": "morgan", "field": "built", "value": "Pinkish-gray Tennessee marble", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "pinkish-gray Tennessee marble" }, { "id": "f-1pcpy6w", "lib": "morgan", "field": "status_note", "value": "Incorporated as a public institution in March 1924.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "was incorporated as a public institution in March 1924" }, { "id": "f-0znf9e6", "lib": "morgan", "field": "built", "value": "Further expansions completed in 1928, 1962 and 1991.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "further expansions were completed in 1928, 1962, and 1991" }, { "id": "f-1l2215a", "lib": "morgan", "field": "built", "value": "Five-story addition with storage vaults and offices built in 1975.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "constructed a five-story addition with storage vaults and offices in 1975" }, { "id": "f-1x0z7gb", "lib": "morgan", "field": "collection", "value": "More than 350,000 objects.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "more than 350,000 objects" }, { "id": "f-0g9c0ho", "lib": "morgan", "field": "collection", "value": "Holds one of three known copies of the Constance Missal and a rare copy of the Mainz Psalter.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "one of three known copies of the Constance Missal" }, { "id": "f-0wnh4c6", "lib": "morgan", "field": "collection", "value": "Holds the Golden Gospels of Henry III.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the Golden Gospels of Henry III" }, { "id": "f-15xt175", "lib": "morgan", "field": "status_note", "value": "Designated a National Historic Landmark on November 13, 1966.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Library_%26_Museum", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Designated NHL November 13, 1966" }, { "id": "f-1ncxga4", "lib": "nli", "field": "status_note", "value": "Calcutta Public Library established 1836 on a proprietary basis; not a Government institution", "source": "https://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/home/history", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Calcutta Public Library was established in 1836. It was not a Government institution.", "earliest": 1836, "latest": 1836 }, { "id": "f-1y22bvb", "lib": "nli", "field": "collection", "value": "Lord Metcalf transferred 4,675 volumes from the library of the College of Fort William", "source": "https://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/home/history", "tier": "primary", "quote": "transferred 4,675 volumes from the library of the College of Fort William to the Calcutta Public Library" }, { "id": "f-0ynkbjh", "lib": "nli", "field": "status_note", "value": "Imperial Library founded 1891 by combining a number of Secretariat libraries, chiefly the Home Department library", "source": "https://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/home/history", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The Imperial Library was founded in 1891 by combining a number of Secretariat libraries.", "earliest": 1891, "latest": 1891 }, { "id": "f-158va04", "lib": "nli", "field": "status_note", "value": "Imperial Library formally opened to the public on 30 January 1903 at Metcalf Hall, Kolkata", "source": "https://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/home/history", "tier": "primary", "quote": "formally opened to the public on 30 January 1903 at Metcalf Hall, Kolkata", "earliest": 1903, "latest": 1903 }, { "id": "f-1b15wxg", "lib": "nli", "field": "status_note", "value": "National Library opened to the public on 1 February 1953, inaugurated by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad", "source": "https://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/home/history", "tier": "primary", "quote": "On 1 February 1953, the National Library was opened to the public, inaugurated by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.", "earliest": 1948, "latest": 1953 }, { "id": "f-1482x83", "lib": "nli", "field": "collection", "value": "Collection in excess of 2.5 million books and records, the largest in the country", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_India", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "With a collection in excess of 2.5 million books and records, it is the largest in the country." }, { "id": "f-1i8r1cr", "lib": "nli", "field": "collection", "value": "86,000 maps and 3,200 manuscripts", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_India", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The collections break down and consist of 86,000 maps and 3,200 manuscripts." }, { "id": "f-12647mq", "lib": "nli", "field": "place", "value": "Belvedere Estate: Belvedere House and 30 acres of grounds in Alipore, Kolkata", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belvedere_Estate", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The Belvedere Estate consists of Belvedere House and the 30-acre (12 ha) grounds surrounding it." }, { "id": "f-19x59xr", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "architect", "value": "Fuller and Jones selected over 15 other proposals in a design competition", "source": "https://hillnotes.ca/2026/02/26/the-library-of-parliament-150-years-of-history/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The winning bid by Toronto architects Thomas Fuller and Chilion Jones was selected over 15 other proposals" }, { "id": "f-0de36jo", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "built", "value": "Work halted in 1861; the collection arrived in 1866.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Parliament", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the collection arrived in Ottawa in 1866, work was halted in 1861" }, { "id": "f-0trepir", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "collection", "value": "47,000 volumes, including several donated by Queen Victoria, installed.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Parliament", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the 47,000 volumes—including several donated by Queen Victoria—were installed" }, { "id": "f-0jvkwc5", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "built", "value": "Thomas Fairbairn Engineering Co. of Manchester contracted for a prefabricated dome.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Parliament", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "had to be contracted to provide a prefabricated dome" }, { "id": "f-1wyhis7", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "built", "value": "First building in North America with a state-of-the-art wrought iron roof.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Parliament", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "the first building in North America to have a state-of-the-art wrought iron roof" }, { "id": "f-1pnscc6", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "collection", "value": "White marble statue of Queen Victoria by Marshall Wood, 1871.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Parliament", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "sculpted by Marshall Wood in 1871" }, { "id": "f-0mig728", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "status_note", "value": "Library of Parliament Act of 1871 formally established the institution.", "source": "https://hillnotes.ca/2026/02/26/the-library-of-parliament-150-years-of-history/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "1871: The Library of Parliament Act formally establishes the institution" }, { "id": "f-1d9s098", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "status_note", "value": "Survived two fires and several restorations; 1952-1956 significant restoration.", "source": "https://hillnotes.ca/2026/02/26/the-library-of-parliament-150-years-of-history/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "It has survived two fires and undergone several restorations" }, { "id": "f-1u8019w", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "status_note", "value": "When it reopens, the Centre Block will look very much as it did before", "source": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/services/infrastructure-buildings/parliamentary-precinct/projects-in-parliamentary-precinct/centre-block-project/about-centre-block-project.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "When it reopens, the Centre Block will look very much as it did before" }, { "id": "f-1os6pm4", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "collection", "value": "On 6 September 1646 Palafox y Mendoza donated 5,000 volumes (English article).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Palafoxiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "On 6 September 1646, Palafox y Mendoza donated 5,000" }, { "id": "f-1v2os4r", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "built", "value": "Francisco Fabian y Fuero ordered the construction of the premises", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Palafoxiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Francisco Fabián y Fuero ordered the construction of the premises" }, { "id": "f-0krsap3", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "collection", "value": "Books confiscated from the Jesuits on their expulsion in 1767 were added.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Palafoxiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Books confiscated from Jesuits upon their expulsion in 1767 were also added" }, { "id": "f-0dlbbdv", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "dims", "value": "A 43-metre-long vaulted hall on the second floor of the Colegio", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Palafoxiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "consisting of a 43-meter-long vaulted hall on the Colegio" }, { "id": "f-0n7qtbf", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "collection", "value": "Oldest book is Herodotus's Nine Books of History (Spanish article)", "source": "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Palafoxiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "el más antiguo es Los nueve libros de la Historia de Heródoto" }, { "id": "f-1x0zale", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "volumes", "value": "45,058 old books, 5,348 manuscripts and 9 incunabula (Spanish article)", "source": "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Palafoxiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "45 058 libros antiguos, 5348 manuscritos, 9 incunables" }, { "id": "f-0a7pwah", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "status_note", "value": "Royal decree approved in December 1647, reconfirmed by Pope Innocent X in 1648 (Spanish article).", "source": "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Palafoxiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "aprobada por cédula real en diciembre de 1647 y reconfirmada por el papa Inocencio X en 1648" }, { "id": "f-0scxosx", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "status_note", "value": "Monumento Historico de Mexico since 1981 (Spanish article).", "source": "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Palafoxiana", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Monumento Histórico de México desde 1981" }, { "id": "f-0bavwd7", "lib": "peabody", "field": "collection", "value": "Collection dates from the founding of the Peabody Institute in 1857.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2025/https://www.library.jhu.edu/library-hours/george-peabody-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "collection dates from the founding of the Peabody Institute in 1857" }, { "id": "f-0qxvml4", "lib": "peabody", "field": "built", "value": "Construction delayed until 1866", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Peabody_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "delayed its establishment and construction until 1866" }, { "id": "f-1vqu4fq", "lib": "peabody", "field": "status_note", "value": "Transferred to the City of Baltimore in 1967", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Peabody_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "until 1967, when it was transferred to the City of Baltimore" }, { "id": "f-0oanyo9", "lib": "peabody", "field": "status_note", "value": "Transferred to Johns Hopkins University in 1982.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Peabody_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "It was transferred to Johns Hopkins University in 1982" }, { "id": "f-18rg7mq", "lib": "peabody", "field": "built", "value": "$1 million renovation between July 2002 and May 2004.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Peabody_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "$1 million renovation and refurbishment between July 2002 and May 2004" }, { "id": "f-0qxnysb", "lib": "peabody", "field": "status_note", "value": "Baltimore City Landmark, designated 1975.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Peabody_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Baltimore City Landmark Designated 1975" }, { "id": "f-00ivtsv", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "built", "value": "Constructed in Victorian Neogothic style 1867 to 1870; completed 1870", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sassoon_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "built in the architectural style of Victorian Neogothic during the period from 1867 to 1870", "earliest": 1867, "latest": 1870 }, { "id": "f-19b0ia0", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "architect", "value": "Wikipedia: designed by architects J. Campbell and G. E. Gosling for Scott McClelland and Company", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sassoon_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The building was designed by architects J. Campbell and G. E. Gosling, for Scott McClelland and Company, at a cost of Rs. 125,000." }, { "id": "f-0v4dcrh", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "architect", "value": "TIFR: designed by Scott McClelland and Company and built by J. Campbell and D. E. Gosling", "source": "http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/architecture/building/sassoon-library.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The building was designed by Scott McClelland and Company and built by the architects J. Campbell and D. E. Gosling at the cost of Rs. 125,000." }, { "id": "f-0k0g6i5", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "status_note", "value": "David Sassoon donated Rs 60,000 of the Rs 125,000 cost; the government paid the rest", "source": "http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/architecture/building/sassoon-library.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "David Sassoon donated Rs. 60,000 for this building, and the rest of the cost was borne by the government." }, { "id": "f-0vc4sgf", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "dims", "value": "Ground floor facade of the three-storeyed building has pointed arches in white and black stripes", "source": "http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/architecture/building/sassoon-library.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The ground floor facade of the three-storeyed building has pointed arches decorated in white and black stripes" }, { "id": "f-0vsj7r1", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "place", "value": "One of the first buildings in the area after the fort walls were demolished", "source": "https://www.theweek.in/theweek/current/2021/12/16/the-history-of-david-sassoon-library-is-the-history-of-bombay.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "one of the first buildings to come up in the area after the demolition of the fort walls" }, { "id": "f-1amq7ox", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "status_note", "value": "Part of the Victorian Gothic and Art Deco ensembles of Mumbai", "source": "https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/david-sassoon-library-opens-public-restoration-pics-inside-8643703/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "one of the oldest educational institutions in the Victorian Gothic and Art Deco ensembles", "earliest": 2018, "latest": 2018 }, { "id": "f-0kkngkw", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "status_note", "value": "Began as the Mechanics' Institution, started in 1847 by European employees of the Government Mint and Dockyard", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sassoon_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "In 1847, European employees working in the Government Mint and the Dockyard in Mumbai started the Mechanics' Institution", "earliest": 1847, "latest": 1847 }, { "id": "f-0spgj0m", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "status_note", "value": "Renamed in 1938 as the David Sassoon Library and Reading Room", "source": "https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/david-sassoon-library-opens-public-restoration-pics-inside-8643703/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The institute was renamed in 1938", "earliest": 1938, "latest": 1938 }, { "id": "f-1fe4uby", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "status_note", "value": "Restored over 16 months and reopened to visitors on 3 June 2023", "source": "https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/david-sassoon-library-opens-public-restoration-pics-inside-8643703/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "opened to visitors on Saturday after restoration work was completed in a period of 16 months", "earliest": 2022, "latest": 2023 }, { "id": "f-1ezwazt", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "status_note", "value": "Restoration reinstated the original sloping roof, replacing a reinforced cement concrete slab added after the 1960s", "source": "https://www.architecturaldigest.in/story/the-gothic-revival-of-mumbais-iconic-david-sassoon-library-renovation-india-abha-narain-lambah/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Crucially, Lambah’s team reinstated the original sloping roof of the structure in place of a reinforced cement concrete slab" }, { "id": "f-1jwj5qx", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "volumes", "value": "Nearly 30,000 books in five languages (English, Marathi, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada) rehoused in the restoration", "source": "https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/david-sassoon-library-opens-public-restoration-pics-inside-8643703/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "rehousing of nearly 30,000 books in five languages" }, { "id": "f-1qyw5yl", "lib": "slv", "field": "built", "value": "Foundation stone laid 3 July 1854; Melbourne Public Library opened 11 February 1856 (SLV timeline).", "source": "https://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/slvhistory/timelines", "tier": "primary", "quote": "1854 July 3 Foundation stone laid", "earliest": 1854, "latest": 1856 }, { "id": "f-0fknz57", "lib": "slv", "field": "built", "value": "Domed Reading Room opened 14 November 1913 (SLV timeline).", "source": "https://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/slvhistory/timelines", "tier": "primary", "quote": "1913 November 14 Domed Reading Room opened", "earliest": 1913, "latest": 1913 }, { "id": "f-0kxhjj5", "lib": "slv", "field": "architect", "value": "Design competition won by the recently arrived architect Joseph Reed (Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Library_Victoria", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "won by the recently arrived architect Joseph Reed" }, { "id": "f-04lfi32", "lib": "slv", "field": "architect", "value": "Domed Reading Room (opened 1913): Bates, Peebles and Smart (Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Library_Victoria", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Opened in 1913, it was designed by Bates, Peebles and Smart", "earliest": 1913, "latest": 1913 }, { "id": "f-1sbsetc", "lib": "slv", "field": "status_note", "value": "Described as one of the first free public libraries in the world (Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Library_Victoria", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "one of the first free public libraries in the world" }, { "id": "f-1asdbi7", "lib": "slv", "field": "volumes", "value": "3,892,523 collection items electronically registered (Wikipedia)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Library_Victoria", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "3,892,523 collection items electronically registered" }, { "id": "f-1v9r8fu", "lib": "slv", "field": "collection", "value": "Opening collection of 3,800 books (Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Library_Victoria", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "a collection of 3,800 books", "earliest": 1856, "latest": 1856 }, { "id": "f-066sgum", "lib": "slv", "field": "status_note", "value": "Dome sheathed in copper in 1959 to prevent water leaks (SLV timeline).", "source": "https://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/slvhistory/timelines", "tier": "primary", "quote": "1959 Dome sheathed in copper to prevent water leaks", "earliest": 1959, "latest": 1959 }, { "id": "f-0jy095q", "lib": "slv", "field": "status_note", "value": "Domed Reading Room closed for refurbishing 1999; reopened 8 July 2003 as the La Trobe Reading Room (SLV timeline).", "source": "https://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/slvhistory/timelines", "tier": "primary", "quote": "2003 July 8 Domed Reading Room reopened as La Trobe Reading Room", "earliest": 1999, "latest": 2003 }, { "id": "f-1oyd0vu", "lib": "slv", "field": "status_note", "value": "Vision 2020: five-year, A$88.1 million redevelopment project (Wikipedia).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Library_Victoria", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "five-year, A$88.1 million redevelopment project, Vision 2020", "earliest": 2017, "latest": 2022 }, { "id": "f-0imjesr", "lib": "slv", "field": "architect", "value": "Octagonal dome modelled on the British Museum and the Library of Congress (SLV page).", "source": "https://www.slv.vic.gov.au/node/4824222", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The octagonal dome was modelled on the British Museum and Washington" }, { "id": "f-1dmm63b", "lib": "stegen", "field": "collection", "value": "First record of the library dates from 831 and mentions a donation of three texts to the Abbey.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The first record of the existence of the Sainte-Genevieve library dates from 831, and mentions the donation of three texts to the Abbey" }, { "id": "f-1ho2tms", "lib": "stegen", "field": "collection", "value": "226 titles and authors in the 13th-century inventory.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The 226 titles and authors included in the 13th century inventory" }, { "id": "f-0a84jn5", "lib": "stegen", "field": "status_note", "value": "Cardinal Francois de La Rochefoucauld re-instituted the library in 1624", "source": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "qui réinstitue véritablement la bibliothèque en 1624" }, { "id": "f-1o57uwb", "lib": "stegen", "field": "dims", "value": "Labrouste building stands on a narrow plot of 85 m by 21 m", "source": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "sur une étroite parcelle de 85 mètres sur 21 mètres" }, { "id": "f-1jsc7hs", "lib": "stegen", "field": "dims", "value": "Eighteen slender fluted cast-iron columns.", "source": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "dix-huit fines colonnes en fonte cannelée" }, { "id": "f-0z8uvov", "lib": "stegen", "field": "status_note", "value": "French Wikipedia: inaugurated 5 February 1851 (its infobox gives 2 February)", "source": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "terminé en 1850 et inauguré le 5 février 1851" }, { "id": "f-1d3yd1s", "lib": "stegen", "field": "collection", "value": "Charles-Maurice Le Tellier bequeathed manuscripts and about 16,000 volumes", "source": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "qui lègue sa collection de manuscrits et environ 16 000 volumes" }, { "id": "f-0ke0lcq", "lib": "stegen", "field": "volumes", "value": "Around 2 million documents (English article).", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "around 2 million documents" }, { "id": "f-19k2wjk", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "status_note", "value": "Conceived as the Royal Palace Library by the Nayak kings of Thanjavur (1535-1675); kept up by the Maratha rulers (1676-1855)", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110226233412fw_/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/library/Library_History/body_library_history.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Conceived and christened as the Royal Palace Library by the Nayak Kings of Thanjavur (1535-1675 AD). And the Maratha rulers (1676-1855) nourished it for intellectual enrichment.", "earliest": 1535, "latest": 1675 }, { "id": "f-03p3hhd", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "status_note", "value": "Government of Madras took possession of the library under the Charitable Endowment Act (1918)", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110226233412fw_/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/library/Library_History/body_library_history.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "took possession of the Library under the Charitable Endowment Act", "earliest": 1918, "latest": 1918 }, { "id": "f-1g5m4ba", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "status_note", "value": "Declared an Institution of National Importance in 1983", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110226233412fw_/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/library/Library_History/body_library_history.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In 1983, the Library was declared as an Institution of National Importance.", "earliest": 1983, "latest": 1983 }, { "id": "f-11xnjse", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "collection", "value": "Sanskrit manuscripts exceed 39,300, in Grantha, Devanagari, Nandinagari and Telugu scripts among others", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110226233412fw_/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/library/Departments/Manuscripts/body_manuscripts.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "which exceed 39,300 and written in Grantha, Devanagari, Nandinagari, Telugu scripts etc." }, { "id": "f-07b63un", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "collection", "value": "Tamil manuscripts: 3,780 (the library's archived site)", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110226233412fw_/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/library/Departments/Manuscripts/body_manuscripts.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The total number of Tamil manuscripts is 3780 comprising titles of literature and medicine." }, { "id": "f-0kjyhlv", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "collection", "value": "Tamil manuscripts: over 4,500 (Wikipedia)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswathi_Mahal_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Manuscripts number over 4500, comprising titles in literature and medicine." }, { "id": "f-1rh84vg", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "collection", "value": "1,342 bundles of Maratha Raj records, apart from the manuscripts", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110226233412fw_/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/library/Departments/Manuscripts/body_manuscripts.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Apart from these manuscripts there are 1342 bundles of Maratha Raj records available at the Library." }, { "id": "f-0p9a5q1", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "collection", "value": "Among the oldest manuscripts: Bhamati of Vachaspatimisra, an Advaita work copied in Banaras in 1468 AD", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110226233412fw_/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/library/Departments/Manuscripts/body_manuscripts.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the Adwaita work, Bhamati of Vachaspatimisra, which was copied in Banaras in 1468 A.D.", "earliest": 1468, "latest": 1468 }, { "id": "f-1ydpg3x", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "volumes", "value": "More than 49,000 books and manuscripts (Wikipedia infobox)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswathi_Mahal_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Size More than 49,000" }, { "id": "f-0fp160y", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "place", "value": "Palace first built by the Nayaks of the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom; became the official residence of the Thanjavur Marathas after the Nayak fall", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanjavur_Maratha_Palace", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Thanjavur Maratha palace was originally constructed by the Nayaks of the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom." }, { "id": "f-1gwos0f", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "built", "value": "Built in 1561 (Jiajing 40) under Fan Qin", "source": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天一阁", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "天一阁于明代嘉靖四十年（1561年），由當時的兵部右侍郎 范欽 主持建造。", "earliest": 1561, "latest": 1566 }, { "id": "f-1nql8pn", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "status_note", "value": "Oldest surviving private library in China (Chinese Wikipedia).", "source": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天一阁", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "天一阁 是中国现存最古老的私家藏书楼" }, { "id": "f-0fm22bx", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "volumes", "value": "Held over 70,000 juan at its peak; only about 13,000 left in modern times", "source": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天一阁", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "天一阁一度藏书7万余卷，但到了近代，由于吏治腐败、盗窃和自然损毁，书籍仅存1.3万余卷。" }, { "id": "f-0dh7jv2", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "collection", "value": "Nearly 300,000 juan of ancient books, over 80,000 of them rare fine editions (2019)", "source": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天一阁博物院", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "近30万卷，其中以地方志、登科录等史料性书籍居多，其中珍椠善本8万余卷", "earliest": 2019, "latest": 2019 }, { "id": "f-02mhkf0", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "collection", "value": "Rarest holdings: Ming local gazetteers (271) and examination records (370)", "source": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天一阁", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "分别有271种和370种" }, { "id": "f-0kh95xp", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "dims", "value": "Museum site about 34,000 m2", "source": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天一阁博物院", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "占地面积约为34000平方米" }, { "id": "f-1bomqpr", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "status_note", "value": "A pond outside the building guards against fire", "source": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天一阁", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "楼外筑水池以防火，“以水制火”" }, { "id": "f-0s9s00k", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "status_note", "value": "Family rule that books were not divided among heirs and not taken out of the pavilion.", "source": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天一阁", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "代不分书，书不出阁", "earliest": 1585, "latest": 1585 }, { "id": "f-1sqiz65", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "status_note", "value": "In 1773 Fan Maozhu submitted 641 rare titles when the Siku quanshu was compiled.", "source": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天一阁", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "进呈天一阁珍本641种", "earliest": 1773, "latest": 1773 }, { "id": "f-1h107on", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "status_note", "value": "Designated a national key protected site in 1982 (second batch).", "source": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/天一阁", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "1982年，天一阁被 中华人民共和国国务院 公布为第二批 全国重点文物保护单位 之一", "earliest": 1982, "latest": 1982 }, { "id": "f-12y92gz", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "dims", "value": "Spread across 38,000 m2 (English Wikipedia)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasconcelos_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The library is spread across 38,000 square metres" }, { "id": "f-0m43wxt", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "dims", "value": "37,962 m2 of construction (Spanish Wikipedia)", "source": "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Vasconcelos", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Esta biblioteca cubre 37 962 metros cuadrados de construcción" }, { "id": "f-0hz0ubw", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "dims", "value": "Building planned 35 m wide and divided lengthwise into three blocks of 82 m each (Spanish Wikipedia).", "source": "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Vasconcelos", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "El edificio se pensó de 35 metros de ancho y, a lo largo, dividido en tres bloques de 82 metros cada uno" }, { "id": "f-1v7y9ay", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "architect", "value": "Alberto Kalach and Juan Palomar (English Wikipedia). Spanish Wikipedia names Alberto Kalach as the declared winner of the competition.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasconcelos_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The winning proposal for the library was designed by the Mexican architects Alberto Kalach and Juan Palomar" }, { "id": "f-0rdk8kv", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "built", "value": "Inaugurated 16 May 2006 by President Vicente Fox", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasconcelos_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Then-President of Mexico Vicente Fox inaugurated the library on 16 May 2006", "earliest": 2006, "latest": 2006 }, { "id": "f-0lifuj0", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "status_note", "value": "Closed in March 2007 over construction defects; reopened to the public in November 2008", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasconcelos_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "The library had to close in March 2007 due to construction defects.", "earliest": 2007, "latest": 2008 }, { "id": "f-0cev15b", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "volumes", "value": "600,000 books (English Wikipedia)", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasconcelos_Library", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "Size 600,000 books" }, { "id": "f-138nddo", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "volumes", "value": "Officially 575,000 books (Spanish Wikipedia)", "source": "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Vasconcelos", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "oficialmente es de 575 000 libros" }, { "id": "f-1yr08ru", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "collection", "value": "Designed for a maximum of 2,000,000 items (Spanish Wikipedia).", "source": "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Vasconcelos", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "máximo de 2 000 000 de ejemplares" }, { "id": "f-0tphvtc", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "remains_today", "value": "Seventh level opened in May 2016 (Spanish Wikipedia).", "source": "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Vasconcelos", "tier": "wikipedia", "quote": "en mayo del 2016 se abrió el séptimo nivel", "earliest": 2016, "latest": 2016 }, { "id": "f-1nlrvgq", "lib": "admont", "field": "notable", "value": "Josef Stammel carved the lime-wood sculptures of the hall. The best known group is The Four Last Things: Death, Judgement, Heaven and Hell.", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/en/about-the-abbey-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Unique sculptures made from lime wood Josef Stammel, the sculptor of Admont Abbey, created the imposing sculptures in the Ceremonial Hall." }, { "id": "f-10lpdyd", "lib": "admont", "field": "notable", "value": "The hall was designed for the Enlightenment, with the stated aim of filling the room with light as well as the mind.", "source": "https://stiftadmont.at/en/about-the-abbey-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the hall reflects the spirit of the Enlightenment - a room that was deliberately designed with light and space" }, { "id": "f-1gupki9", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "notable", "value": "Fellows of the Museum at Alexandria received free board and paid no tax, according to Bevan's history of the Ptolemies.", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Africa/Egypt/_Texts/BEVHOP/4F*.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "received their board free and were exempt from taxation" }, { "id": "f-0ez68sn", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "notable", "value": "In the Letter of Aristeas the librarian Demetrius tells the king the library holds more than 200,000 books and that he hopes to reach 500,000. The account is the letter's own, not independent evidence.", "source": "https://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/aristeas.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "More than two hundred thousand, O king" }, { "id": "f-14127tm", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "notable", "value": "One story says Ptolemy III borrowed Athens' official copies of the tragedians, on the pretext of having copies made.", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Africa/Egypt/_Texts/BEVHOP/4F*.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "borrowed from Athens the rolls kept by the state containing the authorized text of Aeschylus" }, { "id": "f-0cmedbv", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "notable", "value": "Tradition holds, following the Letter of Aristeas, that the High Priest at Jerusalem sent six elders from each tribe, seventy-two in all, to translate the Jewish law for the royal library.", "source": "https://www.ccel.org/c/charles/otpseudepig/aristeas.htm", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Of the twelfth tribe, Isaelus, John, Theodosius, Arsamos, Abietes, Ezekiel. They were seventy-two in all." }, { "id": "f-05n2gbs", "lib": "alexandria", "field": "notable", "value": "Vitruvius tells how Aristophanes, a reader in the library, exposed contest poets as plagiarists by pulling matching books from the shelves from memory. The king made him librarian.", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/7*.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "made the writers confess that they had stolen from them" }, { "id": "f-12zoaxe", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "notable", "value": "In 2002 the Internet Archive signed an agreement making the Bibliotheca Alexandrina a backup of its web archive, with two mirror sites.", "source": "https://www.bibalex.org/en/project/details?documentid=283", "tier": "primary", "quote": "signed an agreement with the BA in 2002 to render the latter a backup of the original" }, { "id": "f-064vjra", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "notable", "value": "The Antiquities Museum shows objects dug up on the library's own building site. The library says few museums display finds from the very place they stand on.", "source": "https://www.bibalex.org/en/center/details/antiquitiesmuseum", "tier": "primary", "quote": "displays artifacts discovered at the selfsame location of the museum" }, { "id": "f-14snm7h", "lib": "alexandrina", "field": "notable", "value": "The library's own FAQ says only one papyrus from the ancient Library of Alexandria is known to remain. It is a scholar's copy of the first lines of satirical wisdom poems.", "source": "https://www.bibalex.org/en/page/FAQ", "tier": "primary", "quote": "only one remaining papyrus from the ancient Library that is a copy in which an ancient scholar copied the first lines of satirical wisdom poems" }, { "id": "f-1ugv5m6", "lib": "ashikaga", "field": "notable", "value": "The city says no surviving record supports any theory of the school's origin earlier than 1410, although Ono no Takamura and Ashikaga Yoshikane are both named as founders.", "source": "https://www.city.ashikaga.tochigi.jp/industory/000061/000329/p002576.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "existing records cannot support any theories prior to the year 1410" }, { "id": "f-1gx2z0w", "lib": "ashikaga", "field": "notable", "value": "The school drew about 3,000 students from across Japan around 1550, and Francis Xavier wrote of it in 1549 as the largest university in eastern Japan.", "source": "https://www.city.ashikaga.tochigi.jp/industory/000061/000329/p002576.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "attracting some 3,000 students from all parts of the country in about 1550" }, { "id": "f-10jnh9q", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "notable", "value": "Sir John Malcolm called the Town Hall that houses the Society the most magnificent structure taste and munificence had yet erected in India.", "source": "http://asiaticsociety.org.in/index.php/about-us/history-asiatic", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The most magnificent structure that taste and munificence combined have as yet erected in India" }, { "id": "f-003mnj9", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "notable", "value": "The Sopara relics came from a Buddhist stupa that Bhagvanlal Indraji excavated in 1882. A stone coffer held eight bronzes, relic caskets and fragments of a bowl believed to have been the Buddha's begging bowl.", "source": "https://asiaticsociety.org.in/index.php/holdings/sopara-relics", "tier": "primary", "quote": "fragments of a begging bowl believed to have been originally used by Gautama Buddha" }, { "id": "f-0yibmyh", "lib": "asiatic", "field": "notable", "value": "The coin collection numbers more than 12,000 and includes a 5th century gold coin of Kumaragupta, a very rare gold mohur of Akbar and coins issued by Shivaji.", "source": "https://asiaticsociety.org.in/index.php/holdings/coins", "tier": "primary", "quote": "a 5th century gold coin of Kumaragupta, a very rare gold mohur of Akbar" }, { "id": "f-1suhsxi", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "notable", "value": "According to Ibn Khaldun, most of the books were thrown into the Tigris in 1258. Legend adds that the river ran black with ink for days.", "source": "https://muslimheritage.com/fate-of-manuscripts-iraq-elsewhere/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "according to Ibn Khaldūn, most of their contents were thrown into the river Tigris [7] . Legend has it that the river flowed black with ink for days afterwards" }, { "id": "f-1t1xehu", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "notable", "value": "Al-Ma'mun is said to have asked the Byzantine emperor for permission to send scholars to translate books held in the empire. The emperor agreed.", "source": "https://muslimheritage.com/abbasids-house-wisdom-baghdad/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "requested the Byzantine Emperor at the time for permission to send some of his scientists" }, { "id": "f-12gmcx1", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "notable", "value": "Baghdad lost a great library long before the Mongols. In 1059 the Seljuks burnt and pillaged the House of Knowledge founded by Sabur ibn Ardashir.", "source": "https://muslimheritage.com/fate-of-manuscripts-iraq-elsewhere/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the conquering Seljuks burnt and pillaged the illustrious" }, { "id": "f-1wa3tut", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "notable", "value": "Hunayn ibn Ishaq is said to have chosen the thickest paper for his translations and told his scribes to use big letters and wide margins.", "source": "https://muslimheritage.com/abbasids-house-wisdom-baghdad/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Hunayn used to choose for his translated books the thickest of the paper" }, { "id": "f-0b85ioi", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "notable", "value": "It is reported that the caliph paid the translator Hunayn the weight of his translated books in gold. This is a report, not a proven fact.", "source": "https://muslimheritage.com/abbasids-house-wisdom-baghdad/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "It is reported that the Caliph used to give him the equivalent weight in gold to that of the books he had translated into Arabic" }, { "id": "f-1701wnj", "lib": "baghdad", "field": "notable", "value": "Not every Baghdad library fell in 1258. The Nizamiya and Mustansiriya libraries were not destroyed and stayed in use much later.", "source": "https://muslimheritage.com/fate-of-manuscripts-iraq-elsewhere/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "were not destroyed and continued to be used until much later" }, { "id": "f-1hixd8t", "lib": "binhai", "field": "notable", "value": "MVRDV calls the library its fastest realised project, three years from first sketch to opening.", "source": "https://mvrdv.com/projects/246/tianjin-binhai-library", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "fastest realized project to date, taking just three years from the first sketch to the opening" }, { "id": "f-1fftodg", "lib": "binhai", "field": "notable", "value": "The tight schedule forced the architects to drop access to the upper shelves. MVRDV says the change was made locally and against its advice.", "source": "https://mvrdv.com/projects/246/tianjin-binhai-library", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "This change was made locally and against" }, { "id": "f-0d34usg", "lib": "binhai", "field": "notable", "value": "The upper shelves of the atrium are empty. Perforated aluminium plates printed to look like books fill them.", "source": "https://mvrdv.com/projects/246/tianjin-binhai-library", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "perforated aluminum plates printed to represent books" }, { "id": "f-1f0jger", "lib": "bnf", "field": "notable", "value": "Property seized in the French Revolution doubled the collections within twenty years, with no new space to hold them.", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/en/story-renaissance", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The seizure of property during the French Revolution caused its collections to increase dramatically: they doubled within twenty years, but the Bibliothèque did not gain any space" }, { "id": "f-0355ezk", "lib": "bnf", "field": "notable", "value": "The Labrouste reading room banned gas lighting for fear of fire, so its opening hours followed the daylight through the year.", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/en/story-renaissance", "tier": "primary", "quote": "artificial gas lighting was prohibited, to avoid any risk of fire. Opening hours therefore varied throughout the year, since they depended on daylight" }, { "id": "f-0hk57kg", "lib": "bnf", "field": "notable", "value": "The Royal Library shared its site with the Stock Exchange from 1724 and the Exchequer from 1793.", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/en/story-renaissance", "tier": "primary", "quote": "it gradually became a public building with the establishment of the King’s Library in 1721, the Stock Exchange in 1724 and the Exchequer in 1793" }, { "id": "f-16h8vk6", "lib": "bnf", "field": "notable", "value": "Thirty-six medallions around the reading room honour writers, and only one is a woman.", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/en/story-renaissance", "tier": "primary", "quote": "36 medallions awarded to men and “one woman” of letters from all over the world" }, { "id": "f-06ne4ad", "lib": "bnf", "field": "notable", "value": "When it opened in 1868 the reading room had pipes under each table to warm readers' feet.", "source": "https://www.bnf.fr/en/story-renaissance", "tier": "primary", "quote": "For the first time, they had access to a heated room, with pipes passing below each table, heating their feet" }, { "id": "f-0potu5b", "lib": "bodleian", "field": "notable", "value": "An underground book store dug beneath Radcliffe Square in 1909-12 was the largest of its kind in the world at the time.", "source": "https://visit.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/plan-your-visit/history-bodleian", "tier": "primary", "quote": "an underground book store was excavated beneath Radcliffe Square in 1909–12; it was the largest such store in the world at the time" }, { "id": "f-1wx159u", "lib": "bodleian", "field": "notable", "value": "In 1550 the Dean of Christ Church stripped the university library of all its books to purge Catholic traces, and some were burnt.", "source": "https://visit.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/plan-your-visit/history-bodleian", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the Dean of Christ Church, hoping to purge the English church of all traces of Catholicism including ‘superstitious books and images’, removed all the library’s books – some to be burnt" }, { "id": "f-1flri4i", "lib": "bodleian", "field": "notable", "value": "In 2025 the library unveiled a 13th-century Old French New Testament. Ultraviolet light showed erased inscriptions of three members of the English royal family who owned it in the 1400s.", "source": "https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about/media/duke-humfreys-manuscript", "tier": "primary", "quote": "ultraviolet light has revealed a series of erased inscriptions showing the manuscript was subsequently owned by three members of the English royal family in the 1400s" }, { "id": "f-1n6hs9v", "lib": "bodleian", "field": "notable", "value": "The Bodleian also held pictures, sculptures, coins and medals, and curiosities including a stuffed crocodile from Jamaica.", "source": "https://visit.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/plan-your-visit/history-bodleian", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The Bodleian also housed pictures, sculptures, coins and medals, and ‘curiosities’ (including a stuffed crocodile from Jamaica)" }, { "id": "f-1wdcnya", "lib": "bodleian", "field": "notable", "value": "The library had no heating until 1845 and no artificial lighting until 1929.", "source": "https://visit.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/plan-your-visit/history-bodleian", "tier": "primary", "quote": "with no heating until 1845 and no artificial lighting until 1929, the number of users should not be overestimated" }, { "id": "f-1pnvdn1", "lib": "bodleian", "field": "notable", "value": "The rule that no book may be lent was held so firmly that King Charles I was refused a loan in 1645.", "source": "https://visit.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/plan-your-visit/history-bodleian", "tier": "primary", "quote": "even King Charles I was refused permission to borrow a book in 1645" }, { "id": "f-1ghcofq", "lib": "bpl", "field": "notable", "value": "Edwin Austin Abbey's Holy Grail cycle in the McKim Building's Abbey Room has 15 panels showing 150 life-sized figures.", "source": "https://www.bu.edu/articles/2017/boston-public-library-art-architecture-tours/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "15 panels depicting 150 life-sized figures" }, { "id": "f-1200wdu", "lib": "bpl", "field": "notable", "value": "Frederick MacMonnies's Bacchante, placed by Charles McKim in the library's courtyard fountain, was attacked by a small powerful group as vice-ridden and treason to virtue. Most Bostonians supported it, according to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "source": "https://www.clevelandart.org/print/art/1919.589", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "treason to purity and sobriety and virtue" }, { "id": "f-0jwki12", "lib": "bpl", "field": "notable", "value": "John Singer Sargent's religion murals were installed in stages between 1895 and 1919.", "source": "https://www.bu.edu/articles/2017/boston-public-library-art-architecture-tours/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Installed between 1895 and 1919" }, { "id": "f-11ov7s3", "lib": "bpl", "field": "notable", "value": "The Central Library houses the personal library of President John Adams, according to Boston University.", "source": "https://www.bu.edu/articles/2017/boston-public-library-art-architecture-tours/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "personal library of President John Adams" }, { "id": "f-1f00xvj", "lib": "buda", "field": "notable", "value": "A detail from a Trapezuntius corvina appears on the Hungarian 1,000 forint banknote.", "source": "https://corvina.hu/en/about-corvinas/curiosities/corvina-detail-on-the-one-thousand-forint-banknote/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Trapezuntius corvina (OSZK Cod. Lat. 281 f2r) on the Hungarian money" }, { "id": "f-1dpv1i7", "lib": "buda", "field": "notable", "value": "Hungarian kings showed guests round the library hall and gave some volumes away as presents.", "source": "https://corvina.hu/en/about-corvinas/history/history-of-the-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "gave away some volumes as presents" }, { "id": "f-047n6ih", "lib": "buda", "field": "notable", "value": "The Corvina site calls the library the first royal library outside Italy and north of the Alps.", "source": "https://corvina.hu/en/about-corvinas/history/history-of-the-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the first royal library outside Italy and north of the Alps" }, { "id": "f-0ulrwnz", "lib": "buda", "field": "notable", "value": "The Corvina site says the collection was destroyed most probably after Mohacs in 1526. Surviving volumes went to Istanbul as loot.", "source": "https://corvina.hu/en/about-corvinas/history/history-of-the-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The collection was destroyed during the Ottoman invasion, most probably, after the Battle of Mohács (1526). Surviving volumes were taken to Istanbul as part of the loot" }, { "id": "f-12r1yo5", "lib": "buda", "field": "notable", "value": "The royal librarian Taddeo Ugoleto went to Florence in 1488 to organise a deliberate extension of the Hungarian royal library with volumes from Italy.", "source": "https://corvina.hu/en/about-corvinas/history/history-of-the-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Taddeo Ugoleto from Parma travelled to Florence in 1488 to organize the conscious extension of the Hungarian royal library" }, { "id": "f-072y9rm", "lib": "celsus", "field": "notable", "value": "Before the library, Celsus was a tribune in the Fourth Legion Scythica, consul in 92 and governor of Asia in 106-107.", "source": "https://www.livius.org/articles/place/ephesus/ephesus-photos/ephesus-library-of-celsus/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "was consul in 92, and governor of Asia in 106-107" }, { "id": "f-0pr10n3", "lib": "celsus", "field": "notable", "value": "Burial inside a library, close to the market, is called remarkable by Livius. It was an honour suited to the founder of a city.", "source": "https://www.livius.org/articles/place/ephesus/ephesus-photos/ephesus-library-of-celsus/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "is remarkable: this was an honor befitting the founder of a city" }, { "id": "f-0uhgw8q", "lib": "celsus", "field": "notable", "value": "Celsus never saw his library. It was put up by his son Gaius Julius Aquila after Celsus died in 110.", "source": "https://www.livius.org/articles/place/ephesus/ephesus-photos/ephesus-library-of-celsus/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "never saw the building, which was erected by his son Gaius Julius Aquila after his death in 110" }, { "id": "f-1ibngnu", "lib": "celsus", "field": "notable", "value": "The four facade statues are named Sophia, Arete, Ennoia and Episteme. Livius reads them as the virtues of Celsus, and says the originals are in the Ephesos Museum in Vienna.", "source": "https://www.livius.org/articles/place/ephesus/ephesus-photos/ephesus-library-of-celsus/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Sophia (wisdom), Arete (character), Ennoia (judgment), and Episteme (expertise)" }, { "id": "f-01o1bs1", "lib": "connemara", "field": "notable", "value": "A former employee told The Hindu the old building has 140 wooden chairs of the period with animals carved on the armrests.", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/society/this-world-book-day-walk-the-alleys-of-centuries-old-connemara-public-library/article23645555.ece", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the library has 140 wooden chairs from that era that have animals carved on the armrest" }, { "id": "f-1ihve5z", "lib": "connemara", "field": "notable", "value": "Connemara became a UNESCO Information Centre in 1955 and a depository for Asian Development Bank publications in 1992.", "source": "https://culture.gov.in/offering/grantee-bodies/connemara-public-library-cpl-chennai", "tier": "primary", "quote": "It also became a UNESCO Information Centre in 1955 and a depository for Asian Development Bank publications in 1992." }, { "id": "f-0yasuj9", "lib": "connemara", "field": "notable", "value": "Every leaf of the rare books in the old building is chiffon-laminated to protect it from age.", "source": "https://www.thehindu.com/society/this-world-book-day-walk-the-alleys-of-centuries-old-connemara-public-library/article23645555.ece", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Every leaf of these rare books is chiffon-laminated to protect them from the ravages of time" }, { "id": "f-0uvnxe4", "lib": "connemara", "field": "notable", "value": "The library once had a 200-foot tower, the tallest structure in Madras at the time. It was pulled down in March 1897 because it was unsafe.", "source": "https://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/history/history.htm", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The library had an imposing tower 200 feet high, the highest in Madras at that time. But in March 1897 AD, the tower was demolished" }, { "id": "f-1vy2vow", "lib": "connemara", "field": "notable", "value": "The museum next door started the first zoo in Madras in 1855, and a year later it held over 300 animals, birds and reptiles.", "source": "http://www.madrasmusings.com/Vol%2020%20No%203/museum-library-and-theatre.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Balfour also established the first zoo in Madras in 1855 in the Museum grounds and a year later it had over 300 animals, birds and reptiles" }, { "id": "f-0m0p0z8", "lib": "connemara", "field": "notable", "value": "The site was once the Pantheon, also known as the Public Rooms or Assembly Rooms, where the elite of the city met. In 1821 it was sold to E.S. Moorat, an Armenian merchant, who sold it back to the Government in 1830 for Rs 28,000.", "source": "https://www.chennaimuseum.org/draft/history/history.htm", "tier": "primary", "quote": "sold the main house and central garden space to E.S. Moorat, a wealthy Armenian merchant, who in turn, sold it back to the Government in 1830 AD, for Rs.28,000" }, { "id": "f-1crm39q", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "notable", "value": "After the cave was found, Wang Yuanlu fitted a locked door to the entrance of Cave 17 and kept the key, so nobody could get in without him.", "source": "https://idpuk.blogspot.com/2023/06/shaping-stein-collections-dunhuang.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "put a locked door on the entrance of Cave 17 and kept the key" }, { "id": "f-1rvp8ja", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "notable", "value": "The British Library's International Dunhuang Project says Wang emptied Cave 17 and put the bundles back, so he alone ever saw the whole of its contents.", "source": "https://idpuk.blogspot.com/2023/06/shaping-stein-collections-dunhuang.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "he is the only person to ever have an overview of the Cave 17" }, { "id": "f-1gdz97z", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "notable", "value": "The Diamond Sutra of 868 is seven sheets of paper glued into a scroll about 16 feet long.", "source": "https://www.lindahall.org/about/news/scientist-of-the-day/the-diamond-sutra/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "printed on 7 sheets of paper that were glued up into a scroll about 16 feet long" }, { "id": "f-0ml68i8", "lib": "dunhuang", "field": "notable", "value": "The Diamond Sutra's colophon says it was made for universal distribution on behalf of the donor's two parents.", "source": "https://www.lindahall.org/about/news/scientist-of-the-day/the-diamond-sutra/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "for universal distribution on behalf of his two parents" }, { "id": "f-0prv85f", "lib": "escorial", "field": "notable", "value": "A decree of 12 January 1619 gave El Escorial a copy of every work printed in Spain and its realms.", "source": "https://rbme.patrimonionacional.es/s/rbme/page/historia", "tier": "primary", "quote": "se donara a la misma un ejemplar de cuantas obras se imprimieran en España y en sus Estados. El rey accedió y dio el correspondiente decreto de 12 de enero de 1619" }, { "id": "f-0j54uui", "lib": "escorial", "field": "notable", "value": "A fire on 7 June 1671 ravaged much of the building. The main hall survived, but more than 5,000 codices were lost.", "source": "https://rbme.patrimonionacional.es/s/rbme/page/historia", "tier": "primary", "quote": "aunque se salvó el Salón Principal, por diversas circunstancias perecieron un número superior a los 5.000 códices" }, { "id": "f-1x7h6mi", "lib": "escorial", "field": "notable", "value": "Ships under Luis Fajardo captured the library of the Sultan of Morocco, Muley Zaydan, off Agadir in 1612. About 4,000 Arabic volumes went to El Escorial in 1614.", "source": "https://rbme.patrimonionacional.es/s/rbme/page/historia", "tier": "primary", "quote": "del Sultán de Marruecos Muley Zaydan, apresada por los navíos de Luis Fajardo cerca de Agadir en 1612 y depositada en El Escorial en 1614: el número de volúmenes se aproximaba a los 4.000" }, { "id": "f-0k8bn3a", "lib": "escorial", "field": "notable", "value": "The 1671 losses included about 2,500 Arabic codices, 2,000 Latin, 650 Greek, 90 French and 40 Hebrew.", "source": "https://rbme.patrimonionacional.es/s/rbme/page/historia", "tier": "primary", "quote": "por diversas circunstancias perecieron un número superior a los 5.000 códices, entre ellos unos 2.500 árabes" }, { "id": "f-1nc2idh", "lib": "escorial", "field": "notable", "value": "The Cancionero de Baena is among the important codices that went missing in the early 1800s moves of the library. It is now in the national library in Paris.", "source": "https://rbme.patrimonionacional.es/s/rbme/page/historia", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Entre los más importantes códices desaparecidos en esta ocasión está el \" Cancionero de Baena \", que actualmente se encuentra en la Biblioteca Nacional de París" }, { "id": "f-0ujpxk2", "lib": "escorial", "field": "notable", "value": "The library's own account says the arabist José Antonio Conde, charged with moving its books to Madrid, saved them by hiding the crates in a convent under piles of printed books.", "source": "https://rbme.patrimonionacional.es/s/rbme/page/historia", "tier": "primary", "quote": "el arabista afrancesado José Antonio Conde, logró salvarlos ocultándolos en el convento de la Trinidad, en Madrid, y cubriendo los cajones con montones de libros impresos" }, { "id": "f-1ibbwrw", "lib": "gabinete", "field": "notable", "value": "King Carlos I granted the title Real in 1906. He was killed in an attack in 1908, and the name stayed.", "source": "https://www.realgabinete.com.br/Visite-o-RGPL/Roteiro-de-Visita", "tier": "primary", "quote": "o rei faleceu, vítima de um atentado" }, { "id": "f-0mh5xa4", "lib": "gabinete", "field": "notable", "value": "The library says it is the only institution outside Portuguese territory (Macau apart) that receives legal deposit of Portuguese publications.", "source": "https://www.realgabinete.com.br/Biblioteca/Apresentacao", "tier": "primary", "quote": "única instituição, fora do território português" }, { "id": "f-069s95g", "lib": "gabinete", "field": "notable", "value": "The visitor guide says the architect of the building never came to Brazil.", "source": "https://www.realgabinete.com.br/Visite-o-RGPL/Roteiro-de-Visita", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Esse arquiteto nunca veio ao Brasil" }, { "id": "f-0jdgrnf", "lib": "gabinete", "field": "notable", "value": "The visitor guide says the building was the first in Rio de Janeiro with a metal structure.", "source": "https://www.realgabinete.com.br/Visite-o-RGPL/Roteiro-de-Visita", "tier": "primary", "quote": "primeiro edifício do Rio de Janeiro a ter estrutura metálica" }, { "id": "f-085nt7r", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "notable", "value": "After carving, each block was coated with a few layers of poisonous lacquer to repel harmful insects.", "source": "https://english.khs.go.kr/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?ctgryLrcls=CTGRY209&nttId=57967&bbsId=BBSMSTR_1205&uniq=0&mn=EN_03_01", "tier": "primary", "quote": "each block was coated with a few layers of poisonous lacquer to repel harmful insects" }, { "id": "f-11ipjw6", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "notable", "value": "The Tripitaka archives at Haeinsa remained completely unscathed, according to the Korea Heritage Service.", "source": "https://english.khs.go.kr/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?ctgryLrcls=CTGRY209&nttId=57967&bbsId=BBSMSTR_1205&uniq=0&mn=EN_03_01", "tier": "primary", "quote": "but the Tripitaka archives remained completely unscathed" }, { "id": "f-1isi7gh", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "notable", "value": "The two storage halls stand on clay floors with thick layers of salt, charcoal and lime underneath.", "source": "https://english.khs.go.kr/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?ctgryLrcls=CTGRY209&nttId=57967&bbsId=BBSMSTR_1205&uniq=0&mn=EN_03_01", "tier": "primary", "quote": "clay floors with thick layers of salt, charcoal and lime underneath" }, { "id": "f-12x6e6i", "lib": "haeinsa", "field": "notable", "value": "The wood for the blocks was soaked in seawater for over three years, then cut into blocks and boiled in salt water.", "source": "https://english.khs.go.kr/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?ctgryLrcls=CTGRY209&nttId=57967&bbsId=BBSMSTR_1205&uniq=0&mn=EN_03_01", "tier": "primary", "quote": "It was soaked in seawater for over three years, then cut into blocks and boiled in salt water" }, { "id": "f-0ydlu2a", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "notable", "value": "Early excavators took the carbonised scrolls for logs or fishing nets. Many were thrown away before one was dropped and broke open.", "source": "https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/villa_papiri/inner.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "early excavators assumed they were logs or carbonized fishing nets" }, { "id": "f-0typ0b3", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "notable", "value": "The Getty calls the scrolls from the Villa of the Papyri the only surviving library from the classical world.", "source": "https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/villa_papiri/inner.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the only surviving library from the classical world" }, { "id": "f-1rqhywj", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "notable", "value": "The same villa also gave up the largest collection of statuary ever recovered from one classical building.", "source": "https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/villa_papiri/inner.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the largest collection of statuary ever recovered from a single classical building" }, { "id": "f-04qaahj", "lib": "herculaneum", "field": "notable", "value": "The villa was excavated by tunnelling. Convicts and conscripts dug the shafts and tunnels under Karl Weber.", "source": "https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/villa_papiri/inner.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "a corps of convicts and conscripts dug a series of shafts and tunnels" }, { "id": "f-0gkywhq", "lib": "hereford", "field": "notable", "value": "In 2007 the Mappa Mundi became the UK's second entry on the UNESCO Memory of the World register.", "source": "https://www.herefordcathedral.org/our-history", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In 2007 it became the United Kingdom’s second entry on the UNESCO’s Memory of the World register" }, { "id": "f-1po2o6h", "lib": "hereford", "field": "notable", "value": "In the Civil War siege of Hereford the dean preached against Parliamentary soldiers' desecration of the cathedral. They threatened to shoot him until their colonel stopped them.", "source": "https://www.herefordcathedral.org/our-history", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Dean Herbert Croft preaches against the desecration of the cathedral by the Parliamentary soldiers, who threaten to shoot him, but are prevented by their commander, Colonel Birch" }, { "id": "f-0ut3cbq", "lib": "hereford", "field": "notable", "value": "The Mappa Mundi carries about 500 drawings, among them around 420 cities and towns and 33 plants, animals, birds and strange creatures.", "source": "https://www.herefordcathedral.org/mappa-mundi", "tier": "primary", "quote": "These 500 or so drawings include of around 420 cities and towns, 15 Biblical events, 33 plants, animals, birds and strange creatures" }, { "id": "f-13vfdrj", "lib": "hereford", "field": "notable", "value": "The books face outwards by their fore-edges, not their spines, so a book can be lifted down and opened without tangling its chain.", "source": "https://www.herefordcathedral.org/chained-library", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The books are shelved with their foredges, rather than their spines, facing the reader (the wrong way round to us)" }, { "id": "f-127dhui", "lib": "joanina", "field": "built", "value": "Construction was completed in 1728. The building served as the University Library from 1777 until the first half of the 20th century.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "It functioned as the University Library from 1777 until the first half of the 20th century" }, { "id": "f-0p7ncxo", "lib": "joanina", "field": "collection", "value": "Six embossed tables of tropical woods stand in the halls. A portrait of King John V by Domenico Duprà hangs on the Noble Floor.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Six embossed tables made from precious tropical woods can be found throughout the halls" }, { "id": "f-0k0uobs", "lib": "joanina", "field": "dims", "value": "The exterior walls are 2.11 m thick. The university describes the building as a vault designed to preserve books.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the exterior walls are 2 metres 11 centimetres" }, { "id": "f-022ghsz", "lib": "joanina", "field": "notable", "value": "At the end of each day the staff cover the tables with leather cloths, so the bats' droppings do not damage them overnight.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "at the end of each day, the tables are covered with leather" }, { "id": "f-1vq5klu", "lib": "joanina", "field": "notable", "value": "The middle floor housed the guards who watched the prison below. Its stones still carry the marks each stonemason cut to claim payment for his work.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Each stonemason had his own" }, { "id": "f-1pi7l5x", "lib": "joanina", "field": "notable", "value": "The old books are still read. Readers request about 750 works from the library in an average year.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "An average of 750 works are requested each year" }, { "id": "f-0lfcada", "lib": "joanina", "field": "notable", "value": "The shelves are oak. The university says the wood's smell helps keep paper-eating insects away.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the shelves are made from oak, known for their density, durability, and odour that keeps insects away" }, { "id": "f-0vm8p2w", "lib": "joanina", "field": "notable", "value": "The three halls of the Noble Floor are told apart by the ground colour of their gilded shelves: black in the first, red in the second, green in the third.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "gold paintings against a black background in the first hall, a red background in the second hall and a green background in the third hall" }, { "id": "f-1bg9xcn", "lib": "joanina", "field": "notable", "value": "Two colonies of bats have lived in the library for about two and a half centuries. They hunt the insects that feed on paper.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "two colonies of bats have lived in the library to help with pest control" }, { "id": "f-18187vm", "lib": "joanina", "field": "notable", "value": "Under the library is the university's academic prison. It is of medieval origin and is the oldest prison preserved in Portugal.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "What we see is a prison of medieval origin, the oldest one that has been preserved in Portugal" }, { "id": "f-16e9d4k", "lib": "joanina", "field": "notable", "value": "Until 1834 the university had its own law and its own jail, so that professors, staff and students were not locked up with common criminals.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "protected the academic community (professors, personnel and students) from living with common criminals" }, { "id": "f-1vkgjql", "lib": "joanina", "field": "volumes", "value": "Nearly 60,000 volumes across the three floors, printed across Europe between the 15th and 18th centuries. This is the university's own figure.", "source": "https://visit.uc.pt/en/space-list/joanina", "tier": "primary", "quote": "three floors that make up the building house nearly 60" }, { "id": "f-195ldrx", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "notable", "value": "Gandhi visited in 1925 and wrote that the Quran and Shahnama manuscripts were an eternal feast for the eye.", "source": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/12/anger-over-plan-to-raze-part-of-iconic-indian-library-for-flyover", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The magnificent finish and the colouring about the decoration of Quran and Shahnama are an eternal feast for the eye" }, { "id": "f-1xv6swh", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "notable", "value": "Khuda Bakhsh gave his whole personal collection to the people of Patna by a deed of trust.", "source": "https://culture.gov.in/khuda-baksh-oriental-public-library-patna", "tier": "primary", "quote": "donated his entire personal collection to the people of Patna by a deed of trust" }, { "id": "f-0tmdtmm", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "notable", "value": "Some of the library's manuscripts are written on deer-skin and cloth as well as paper and palm leaf.", "source": "https://culture.gov.in/khuda-baksh-oriental-public-library-patna", "tier": "primary", "quote": "written on paper, palm-leaf, deer-skin, cloth and sundry materials" }, { "id": "f-08v80x9", "lib": "khudabakhsh", "field": "notable", "value": "The library building was Khuda Bakhsh's own residence, which he donated with his manuscript collection.", "source": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/12/anger-over-plan-to-raze-part-of-iconic-indian-library-for-flyover", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the library’s building used to be Khuda Bakhsh’s residence" }, { "id": "f-0jtb02d", "lib": "klementinum", "field": "notable", "value": "From 1842 to 1928 the announcement of noon for the people of Prague was made from the Clementinum tower.", "source": "https://prague.eu/en/objevujte/the-clementinum-astronomical-tower-and-baroque-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "For more than eighty years (1842-1928), it was also from here that the announcement of noon" }, { "id": "f-1iae786", "lib": "klementinum", "field": "notable", "value": "Regular weather measurements began at the Clementinum in 1775. The page calls it among the oldest continuous meteorological observations in Europe.", "source": "https://prague.eu/en/objevujte/the-clementinum-astronomical-tower-and-baroque-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "In 1775, meteorological data began to be collected here regularly making Prague a place of the oldest continuous meteorological observations in Europe." }, { "id": "f-1yl55jo", "lib": "klementinum", "field": "notable", "value": "The Jesuit college was built on a plot that had held 32 houses, seven courtyards, three churches, a monastery and several gardens.", "source": "https://prague.eu/en/objevujte/the-clementinum-astronomical-tower-and-baroque-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "built on a large plot of land where 32 houses, seven courtyards, three churches, a monastery and several gardens had previously stood" }, { "id": "f-1959yhy", "lib": "klementinum", "field": "notable", "value": "The Meridian Hall in the Astronomical Tower was once a giant camera obscura, where a taut string was used to fix high noon.", "source": "https://prague.eu/en/objevujte/the-clementinum-astronomical-tower-and-baroque-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "This unique room was formerly used as a giant camera obscura, where with the help of a taut string high noon was determined." }, { "id": "f-1dk7dni", "lib": "klementinum", "field": "notable", "value": "The library has Kepler's writings carrying his handwritten dedication to friends, among them the dean and other Prague university professors.", "source": "https://prague.eu/en/objevujte/the-clementinum-astronomical-tower-and-baroque-library/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Among the 27,000 old printed works are Kepler's writings with his handwritten dedication to his friends, the dean and other Prague university professors." }, { "id": "f-12tvfv7", "lib": "loc", "field": "notable", "value": "During the Second World War the Library helped plan the shipment of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution to Fort Knox, Kentucky, for safekeeping.", "source": "https://www.loc.gov/about/history-of-the-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "along with other treasures, to Fort Knox, Kentucky" }, { "id": "f-0xhyacd", "lib": "loc", "field": "notable", "value": "The British burned Washington in 1814 and destroyed the small congressional library. Congress then bought Thomas Jefferson's personal library of 6,487 books to start again.", "source": "https://www.loc.gov/about/history-of-the-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "comprehensive personal library of 6,487 books" }, { "id": "f-1kti25q", "lib": "loc", "field": "notable", "value": "The Library's Gutenberg Bible, bought in 1930, is one of three perfect copies on vellum in the world, the Library says.", "source": "https://www.loc.gov/about/fascinating-facts/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "one of three perfect copies on vellum in the world" }, { "id": "f-0c2mfzt", "lib": "loc", "field": "notable", "value": "The oldest written material in the Library is a cuneiform tablet dated to 2040 B.C.", "source": "https://www.loc.gov/about/fascinating-facts/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The oldest written material in the Library is a cuneiform tablet dating from 2040 B.C." }, { "id": "f-08mzju6", "lib": "longroom", "field": "notable", "value": "Henry George Quin left 110 books with a bookcase for them and orders that their bindings were never to be altered.", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/collections.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "bequeathed to Trinity College Library 110 books, a book‐case in which to keep them, and instructions that the bindings were never to be altered" }, { "id": "f-19dz870", "lib": "longroom", "field": "notable", "value": "In 1689 James II's troops used Trinity College as a barracks and prison, but the library came through largely unharmed.", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the troops of James II had occupied the College as a barracks and prison. A substantial amount of vandalism was inflicted on many of the buildings, but the Library escaped relatively unscathed" }, { "id": "f-0iijqq4", "lib": "longroom", "field": "notable", "value": "In 1802 around 20,000 books and manuscripts of Hendrik Fagel, chief minister of the Netherlands, were bought for the college.", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In 1802 around 20,000 books and manuscripts formerly belonging to bibliophile Hendrik Fagel, chief minister of the Netherlands, were purchased for the College" }, { "id": "f-0hts74l", "lib": "longroom", "field": "notable", "value": "The Book of Kells and the Book of Durrow reached the library as a gift from Henry Jones, a pupil of Archbishop Ussher.", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/collections.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the Book of Kells and the Book of Durrow, were presented by Ussher’s pupil, Henry Jones" }, { "id": "f-12722hb", "lib": "longroom", "field": "notable", "value": "The alcoves once held benches and sloping desks for readers. In 1817 the seats and tables were removed to make room for more shelves.", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Extra space was gained by removing the seats and reading tables in 1817. Shelves were built in their place" }, { "id": "f-1238luv", "lib": "longroom", "field": "notable", "value": "The sandstone on the upper floors of the new library crumbled within decades and was later replaced with granite.", "source": "https://www.tcd.ie/library/exhibitions/choicebooks/newlibrary.php", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The original pale sandstone masonry on the upper floors of the new Library crumbled within decades, and was eventually replaced with granite" }, { "id": "f-1ulonp0", "lib": "mafra", "field": "notable", "value": "Manuel II, the last Portuguese king, was staying at Mafra when he had to leave for exile on 5 October 1910.", "source": "https://www.museusemonumentos.pt/en/museus-e-monumentos/national-palace-of-mafra", "tier": "primary", "quote": "D. Manuel II, the last Portuguese monarch was staying in this palace when he was forced to move into exile on October 5, 1910" }, { "id": "f-0z9wkpr", "lib": "mafra", "field": "notable", "value": "Since the Napoleonic invasions the palace has also housed military barracks.", "source": "https://www.museusemonumentos.pt/en/museus-e-monumentos/national-palace-of-mafra", "tier": "primary", "quote": "since the Napoleon invasions accommodated military barracks and was also a seasonal residence for the royal family" }, { "id": "f-1yb5zpc", "lib": "mafra", "field": "notable", "value": "The heritage portal calls the library, with about 30,000 books, the largest bookstore in a single room in Europe.", "source": "https://www.museusemonumentos.pt/en/museus-e-monumentos/national-palace-of-mafra", "tier": "primary", "quote": "an important library with about 30,000 books, the largest bookstore in a single room in Europe" }, { "id": "f-1nepyc6", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "notable", "value": "An inscription beside the entrance door hails the architect Matteo Nuti, born in Fano, as a second Daedalus and dates the finished work to 1452.", "source": "https://sititematici.comune.cesena.fc.it/malatestiana/storia", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Matheus Nutius Fanensi ex urbe creatus Dedalus alter opus tantum deduxit ad unguem" }, { "id": "f-1io4bmx", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "notable", "value": "Fourteen Greek codices, most probably bought by Malatesta Novello in Constantinople, and seven Hebrew ones sit among the 343 manuscripts.", "source": "https://sititematici.comune.cesena.fc.it/malatestiana/storia", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Quattordici codici greci, acquistati molto probabilmente da Malatesta Novello a Costantinopoli, sette ebraici e altri donati al Novello" }, { "id": "f-1g5ia5r", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "notable", "value": "Malatesta Novello set up a scriptorium that, in an organised and planned way, produced over 120 codices in about twenty years.", "source": "https://sititematici.comune.cesena.fc.it/malatestiana/storia", "tier": "primary", "quote": "il signore di Cesena promosse uno scrittorio che, con attività organizzata e pianificata, produsse nell'arco di circa un ventennio oltre centoventi codici" }, { "id": "f-1a8k5tl", "lib": "malatestiana", "field": "notable", "value": "The library page says the room survived intact in every part because friars and the city council kept it in joint custody.", "source": "https://sititematici.comune.cesena.fc.it/malatestiana-antica", "tier": "primary", "quote": "rimasta intatta in ogni sua parte per la custodia congiunta dei frati e del Comune" }, { "id": "f-1n3phyf", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "notable", "value": "A Nation columnist says McMillan entertained Winston Churchill and President Theodore Roosevelt at his Chiromo house.", "source": "https://mwananchi.co.tz/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-life-and-times-of-mcmillan-library-4025098", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "among the many famous guests he entertained were Winston Churchill and the American President, Teddy Roosevelt" }, { "id": "f-0om33r3", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "notable", "value": "Library development in colonial Kenya followed racial lines. McMillan served Europeans only. Mombasa's Seif Bin Salim library and Nairobi's Desai Memorial Library, founded in 1942, were for Arabs and Asians respectively.", "source": "https://beta.nation.co.ke/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/bleak-times-for-mcmillan-library-880280", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "library development followed the racial lines; McMillan Memorial Library served the European community only" }, { "id": "f-0c5l1nd", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "notable", "value": "McMillan kept a pet lion on his Juja farm and hunted many others.", "source": "https://bookbunk.org/findalibrary/library/mcmillan-memorial-library", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "He kept a pet lion on his Juja farm and hunted many during his lifetime" }, { "id": "f-07zxpdb", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "notable", "value": "The story goes that Sir Northrup McMillan's coffin kept sticking in the mud on the way up Ol Donyo Sabuk, so Lady McMillan had him buried about halfway up.", "source": "https://mwananchi.co.tz/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-life-and-times-of-mcmillan-library-4025098", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The vehicle carrying the coffin up the mountain kept getting stuck in the mud. Eventually, only about half way up, Lady McMillan said" }, { "id": "f-1u04jjs", "lib": "mcmillan", "field": "notable", "value": "Tradition holds that Teddy Roosevelt and his son stole the two stone lions at the door from outside a Nairobi mosque after a night out. A Nation columnist doubts it, noting the plinths say Sir John Harrington gave them.", "source": "https://mwananchi.co.tz/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-life-and-times-of-mcmillan-library-4025098", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "stolen from outside a mosque on Government Road (now Moi Avenue) by Teddy Roosevelt and his son" }, { "id": "f-0h9qz0k", "lib": "melk", "field": "notable", "value": "The abbey's own account says its patron saint Coloman, an Irish king's son, was hanged on an elder tree at Stockerau. Legend has it that the tree then grew new leaves and blossom.", "source": "https://www.stiftmelk.at/en/monastery-order/saint-coloman-melk-abbeys-patron-saint/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "tortured him, and finally hanged him on an elder tree. The legend goes that said tree then grew new leaves and new blossoms" }, { "id": "f-0v87gbx", "lib": "melk", "field": "notable", "value": "The library still holds the rule book the first monks brought from their original monastery, a manuscript now over 1,000 years old.", "source": "https://www.stiftmelk.at/en/monastery-order/history/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In Melk abbey’s library there is still the rule book which the first monks brought from their original monastery, a manuscript which is now over 1000 years old." }, { "id": "f-1j1a2ql", "lib": "melk", "field": "notable", "value": "The library's Latin motto, Ex litteris immortalitas, means immortality through books. It is the inscription on the west entrance.", "source": "https://www.stiftmelk.at/en/library-collections/melk-abbey-library/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "*inscription on the Western entrance to the library" }, { "id": "f-0h6nejk", "lib": "morgan", "field": "notable", "value": "After Morgan's death in 1913 Greene wrote that he was almost a father to her, and that very often she felt like a son. The Boston Globe quotes the tribute.", "source": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/2025/01/07/arts/morgan-library-belle-da-costa-greene/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "very often I felt like a son" }, { "id": "f-1a68g36", "lib": "morgan", "field": "notable", "value": "Belle da Costa Greene attributed her dark complexion to Portuguese ancestry. A Fordham University exhibit says this hid that her father was Richard T. Greener, the first Black graduate of Harvard.", "source": "https://medievalartus.ace.fordham.edu/exhibits/show/greene-exhibit", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "attributed her dusky skin tone to Portuguese ancestry" }, { "id": "f-1lg3e3w", "lib": "morgan", "field": "notable", "value": "On the night of 24 October 1907 nearly every important New York banker met in Morgan's private library during the financial panic, according to American Heritage.", "source": "https://americanheritage.com/node/56522", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "nearly every important banker in New York was meeting in J. P. Morgan" }, { "id": "f-1phq30d", "lib": "morgan", "field": "notable", "value": "While the bankers worked in the East Room, Morgan sat alone in the West Room playing solitaire. His librarian, Belle da Costa Greene, asked why he did not simply tell them what to do.", "source": "https://americanheritage.com/node/56522", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "tell them what to do, Mr. Morgan?" }, { "id": "f-08x3xo0", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "notable", "value": "Xuanzang gives the priests at Nalanda as several thousand. It is a traveller's round figure, not a count.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/buddhist-records-of-the-western-world-vol-2/Buddhist%20Records%20of%20the%20Western%20World-Vol%202_djvu.txt", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The priests, to the number of several thousands, are men of the highest ability and talent." }, { "id": "f-0t4cj5h", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "notable", "value": "Xuanzang records a tradition that five hundred merchants bought the site for ten koti of gold pieces and gave it to the Buddha.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/buddhist-records-of-the-western-world-vol-2/Buddhist%20Records%20of%20the%20Western%20World-Vol%202_djvu.txt", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Five hundred merchants bought it for ten" }, { "id": "f-1yqnxzk", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "notable", "value": "Xuanzang says a stranger who wanted to join the debates first met the keeper of the gate, who set hard questions. Many could not answer and left.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/buddhist-records-of-the-western-world-vol-2/Buddhist%20Records%20of%20the%20Western%20World-Vol%202_djvu.txt", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "the keeper of the gate proposes some hard questions; many. are unable to answer, and retire" }, { "id": "f-1unoone", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "notable", "value": "Xuanzang says monks who could not discuss questions from the Tripitaka were little esteemed and hid for shame.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/buddhist-records-of-the-western-world-vol-2/Buddhist%20Records%20of%20the%20Western%20World-Vol%202_djvu.txt", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "are obliged to hide themselves for shame" }, { "id": "f-0hs6woi", "lib": "nalanda", "field": "notable", "value": "Xuanzang says the discussions at Nalanda ran from morning till night and the day was not long enough for the questions and answers.", "source": "https://archive.org/download/buddhist-records-of-the-western-world-vol-2/Buddhist%20Records%20of%20the%20Western%20World-Vol%202_djvu.txt", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The day is not sufficient for asking and answering profound questions" }, { "id": "f-1kfe6vv", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "notable", "value": "Layard's first dig at Nineveh was a private venture financed by Stratford Canning, the British ambassador in Constantinople.", "source": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/asbp/RecordingtheLibrary/index.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Layard's excavations had begun as a private initiative financed by Stratford Canning, British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "f-07f6xkc", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "notable", "value": "Library tablets carry a colophon stating that they belonged to the palace of Ashurbanipal, usually with detail and a prayer.", "source": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/asbp/Colophons/index.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "These library colophons all contain a statement recording that they belonged to the palace of Ashurbanipal, usually followed by detailed information and a prayer" }, { "id": "f-15ocqn8", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "notable", "value": "The British Museum's Ashurbanipal Library Project admits that nobody fully understands what counted as the library, or how many there were.", "source": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/asbp/WhatistheLibrary/index.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "We do not understand what constituted a library, how many there may have been" }, { "id": "f-15dxuas", "lib": "nineveh", "field": "notable", "value": "The project describes Ashurbanipal's collection as the most significant library of antiquity until Alexandria.", "source": "https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/asbp/WhatistheLibrary/index.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Until the Library of Alexandria, it was the most significant library of antiquity" }, { "id": "f-0vvjzbw", "lib": "nli", "field": "notable", "value": "A Grammar of the Bengal Language (1778) by Nathaniel Brassey Halhed, the earliest printed book in Bengali, is in the Bengali collection.", "source": "https://nationallibrary.gov.in/home/collection", "tier": "primary", "quote": "A Grammar of the Bengal Language (1778) by Nathaniel Brassey Halhed, which is the earliest printed book in Bengali" }, { "id": "f-0ra74zr", "lib": "nli", "field": "notable", "value": "The Bengali collection holds 154 letters from Subhas Chandra Bose to his nephew Asok Nath Bose.", "source": "https://nationallibrary.gov.in/home/collection", "tier": "primary", "quote": "154 letters of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose written to his nephew Sri Asok Nath Bose" }, { "id": "f-19dx2eh", "lib": "nli", "field": "notable", "value": "The library holds 190 first editions of Rabindranath Tagore's works.", "source": "https://nationallibrary.gov.in/home/collection", "tier": "primary", "quote": "This includes 190 first editions of Tagore" }, { "id": "f-10s76uw", "lib": "nli", "field": "notable", "value": "The rare collection keeps xylographs presented by the Dalai Lama.", "source": "https://nationallibrary.gov.in/home/rare_other_collections", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The xylographs presented by H. E. the Dalai Lama are also preserved in this collection" }, { "id": "f-09bqrq2", "lib": "nypl", "field": "notable", "value": "During the Rose Reading Room restoration, materials too big for the freight elevator were lifted from 40th Street by boom onto a scaffold tower on the roof, then carried in through a window.", "source": "https://aecom.com/projects/new-york-public-library-rose-reading-room-restoration/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "boomed onto a scaffold tower erected on the roof" }, { "id": "f-04cixhf", "lib": "nypl", "field": "notable", "value": "In May 2014 a plaster rosette fell from the 52-foot ceiling of the Rose Main Reading Room. The room closed for six months for inspection and repair.", "source": "https://www.ksl.com/article/30344761/ny-public-library-reading-room-closed-by-repairs", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "plaster rosette fell from the reading room" }, { "id": "f-1sc98fg", "lib": "nypl", "field": "notable", "value": "Mayor Fiorello La Guardia named the lions Patience and Fortitude in the 1930s, for the qualities he felt New Yorkers needed in the Depression.", "source": "https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/new-york-public-library-shores-up-its-marble-lions", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia bestowed those names" }, { "id": "f-1bmx6kc", "lib": "nypl", "field": "notable", "value": "The library stands on the site of the Croton Reservoir. It was torn down in 1900 after several delays.", "source": "https://bryantpark.org/the-park/history", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The reservoir itself was eventually torn down, following numerous delays, in 1900" }, { "id": "f-1ho0805", "lib": "nypl", "field": "notable", "value": "The reservoir on the library's site covered four acres and held 20 million gallons of water from the Croton River. Its walls were a popular promenade, with Edgar Allan Poe among the walkers.", "source": "https://bryantpark.org/blog/history-of-bryant-park-before-it-was-a-park", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "held 20 million gallons of water" }, { "id": "f-0g2bag8", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "notable", "value": "After the 1849 Montreal fire destroyed the Parliament buildings and their library, the Ottawa library was insisted upon as a separate structure with fire-proof iron doors.", "source": "https://hillnotes.ca/2026/02/26/the-library-of-parliament-150-years-of-history/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "insisting that the new library be housed in a separate structure with fire-proof iron doors" }, { "id": "f-120oe3o", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "notable", "value": "Architects in the 1859 competition for the Parliament buildings had just ten weeks to meet detailed requirements, according to Hill Notes.", "source": "https://hillnotes.ca/2026/02/26/the-library-of-parliament-150-years-of-history/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "given just ten weeks to meet detailed requirements" }, { "id": "f-0amouxn", "lib": "ottawa", "field": "notable", "value": "In the 1952 fire, firefighters used nearly 910,000 litres of water and about 150,000 volumes had to be taken off the shelves.", "source": "https://hillnotes.ca/2026/02/26/the-library-of-parliament-150-years-of-history/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "nearly 910,000 litres of water" }, { "id": "f-1xwwjvv", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "notable", "value": "A painting of the Virgen de Trapani hangs at the far end of the hall, framed by gilded neoclassical columns.", "source": "https://www.publimetro.com.mx/noticias/2022/10/08/biblioteca-palafoxiana-preserva-legado-de-obispo-espanol", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "una pintura de la Virgen de Trapani espera al fondo" }, { "id": "f-0qhghyn", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "notable", "value": "Bishop Palafox never saw the project finished. The Associated Press says the library he founded in 1646 is the first public library in the Americas.", "source": "https://www.publimetro.com.mx/noticias/2022/10/08/biblioteca-palafoxiana-preserva-legado-de-obispo-espanol", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "no vio su proyecto terminado" }, { "id": "f-1q2f9x7", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "notable", "value": "The Palafoxiana holds 45,000 items on more than 15,000 subjects, dated from the 17th to the 20th century, according to the Mexican culture ministry in 2019.", "source": "https://www.gob.mx/cultura/prensa/exposicion-memoria-de-la-biblioteca-palafoxiana-recorre-cuatro-decadas-de-historia", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "alberga 45 mil ejemplares" }, { "id": "f-1iekfqj", "lib": "palafoxiana", "field": "notable", "value": "The books sit on cedar shelves in three levels, arranged by a scholastic view that places God as the base of all knowledge. The first level holds more than 11,000 Bibles and religious works, according to the Associated Press.", "source": "https://www.publimetro.com.mx/noticias/2022/10/08/biblioteca-palafoxiana-preserva-legado-de-obispo-espanol", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "estantes de cedro que se distribuyen en tres niveles" }, { "id": "f-0bcuqcd", "lib": "peabody", "field": "notable", "value": "The Baltimore Sun reported in 2016 that the library's books were getting their first proper cleaning in 50 to 60 years.", "source": "https://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/arts/bs-ae-peabody-library-cleaning-20160115-story.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "proper cleaning in 50 to 60 years" }, { "id": "f-02ffm5n", "lib": "peabody", "field": "notable", "value": "The original glass skylight was at some point replaced with plastic panels, which later failed.", "source": "https://traditionalbuilding.com/projects/george-peabody-library-skylight", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "original glass skylight had been replaced at some point with plastic" }, { "id": "f-1bj5fw3", "lib": "peabody", "field": "notable", "value": "The original iron trusses above the atrium were made at the Phoenix Iron Works, while Bartlett-Robbins and Company fabricated the neo-classical cast-iron designs.", "source": "https://traditionalbuilding.com/projects/george-peabody-library-skylight", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "original iron trusses were made at the Phoenix Iron Works" }, { "id": "f-0hf65x2", "lib": "peabody", "field": "notable", "value": "The skylight measures 25 by 75 feet, a total of 1,875 square feet.", "source": "https://traditionalbuilding.com/projects/george-peabody-library-skylight", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "25 x 75 feet for a total of 1,875 square feet" }, { "id": "f-1lfynld", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "notable", "value": "An ancient report says Ptolemy imprisoned the Alexandrian scholar Aristophanes of Byzantium on suspicion of leaving for Pergamon.", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/encyclopaedia_romana/greece/paganism/pergamumlibrary.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "is said to have imprisoned Aristophanes of Byzantium" }, { "id": "f-0ce34m7", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "notable", "value": "Crates of Mallus, a scholar from Pergamon, fell into a Roman sewer opening around 169 BC while on an embassy. He broke his leg.", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/encyclopaedia_romana/greece/paganism/pergamumlibrary.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "as an envoy to the Senate in about 169 BC, he fell into a sewer opening and broke his leg" }, { "id": "f-0z9t32q", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "notable", "value": "Pliny reports a story that Ptolemy banned papyrus exports and that parchment (charta pergamena) was invented at Pergamon as a substitute. The same page notes Herodotus says animal skins were used for writing long before.", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/encyclopaedia_romana/greece/paganism/pergamumlibrary.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "parchment ( charta pergamena ) was said to have been invented in Pergamon as a substitute" }, { "id": "f-1l2ax2r", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "notable", "value": "Strabo writes that the heirs of Neleus, who held the books of Aristotle and Theophrastus, hid them in a trench to keep them from the Attalid book-hunters. Moisture and moths damaged them.", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/13A3*.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "in a kind of trench. But much later, when the books had been damaged by moisture and moths" }, { "id": "f-1fnt1h5", "lib": "pergamon", "field": "notable", "value": "The rooms on the Athena terrace long taken for the royal library may not have been one. Later scholars have suggested a reception hall, a store for offerings or a display room.", "source": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/encyclopaedia_romana/greece/paganism/pergamumlibrary.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "It therefore is not certain that the rooms originally thought to have been the location of the Pergamon Library actually served that purpose" }, { "id": "f-064zxcz", "lib": "prunksaal", "field": "notable", "value": "During the restoration that ran to the end of 2022 the books were covered, then taken from the shelves one by one and cleaned once the work was finished.", "source": "https://www.onb.ac.at/en/museums/state-hall/about-the-state-hall/restoration-of-the-state-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "were professionally covered during the restoration and were removed from the shelves one by one and cleaned after the work was completed" }, { "id": "f-13lp2hp", "lib": "prunksaal", "field": "notable", "value": "Prince Eugene of Savoy's library of 15,000 volumes stands in the middle oval, bound in red, blue and yellow Morocco leather.", "source": "https://www.onb.ac.at/en/museums/state-hall/about-the-state-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the library of Prince Eugene in the middle oval, containing 15,000 volumes bound in red, blue and yellow Morocco leather" }, { "id": "f-1xp0wbi", "lib": "prunksaal", "field": "notable", "value": "The hall holds 128 bookcases and shelves, 48 windows, 20 doors, 17 statues and 12 busts.", "source": "https://www.onb.ac.at/en/museums/state-hall/about-the-state-hall/restoration-of-the-state-hall", "tier": "primary", "quote": "128 bookcases and shelves 48 windows 20 doors and 28 tables/display cabinets 17 statues and 12 busts" }, { "id": "f-1020dih", "lib": "prunksaal", "field": "notable", "value": "The marble statue of Emperor Charles VI at the centre shows him as Hercules Musarum. It dates from 1735 and was allegedly made by court sculptor Antonio Corradini.", "source": "https://www.onb.ac.at/en/museums/state-hall/about-the-state-hall/the-state-halls-statues", "tier": "primary", "quote": "It dates back to 1735 and was allegedly crafted by Imperial Court sculptor Antonio Corradini" }, { "id": "f-0gtov2a", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "notable", "value": "A white stone head of David Sassoon sits above the entrance portico.", "source": "http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/architecture/building/sassoon-library.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Above the entrance portico is a white stone head of David Sassoon." }, { "id": "f-0cqmdg3", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "notable", "value": "The idea for the library came from twelve mechanics working at the Bombay Mint.", "source": "http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/architecture/building/sassoon-library.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The idea of the library was mooted by twelve mechanics employed in the Bombay Mint." }, { "id": "f-049p4la", "lib": "sassoon", "field": "notable", "value": "The story goes that David Sassoon nailed a mezuzah to his doorpost at 9 Tamarind Lane when he settled in Bombay.", "source": "http://archive.diarna.org/site/detail/public/1935/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "nailed his mezuza, the sign of a Jewish home, to his doorpost at 9 Tamarind Lane" }, { "id": "f-1gtt1b5", "lib": "slv", "field": "notable", "value": "An hour after Ned Kelly's death in 1880, his hair and beard were shaved and plaster was applied to his face and head to make a death mask.", "source": "https://www.slv.vic.gov.au/ned-kelly", "tier": "primary", "quote": "An hour after his death, his hair and beard were shaved, and plaster was applied to his face and head to make a death mask." }, { "id": "f-1bj3hnu", "lib": "slv", "field": "notable", "value": "In 1965 the armour was taken off public view and moved to the care of the State Library.", "source": "https://www.slv.vic.gov.au/search-discover/explore-collections-theme/australian-history/ned-kelly/ned-kellys-armour", "tier": "primary", "quote": "in 1965 the armour was taken off view and transferred to the care of the Library" }, { "id": "f-1qztcjw", "lib": "slv", "field": "notable", "value": "Ned Kelly's armour is made from farm machinery. The Library says historians have guessed the parts were stolen or gifted and forged by sympathetic blacksmiths, but none of that is confirmed.", "source": "https://www.slv.vic.gov.au/search-discover/explore-collections-theme/australian-history/ned-kelly/ned-kellys-armour", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The armour is constructed from farm machinery. Historians have speculated that the parts may have been stolen or gifted" }, { "id": "f-1prijj9", "lib": "slv", "field": "notable", "value": "The Burke and Wills expedition papers were deposited in the Melbourne Public Library in March 1875.", "source": "https://latrobejournal.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-86/t1-g-t2.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "deposited in the Melbourne Public Library in March 1875" }, { "id": "f-0g3zw07", "lib": "slv", "field": "notable", "value": "The Jerilderie Letter was written out by Joe Byrne at Ned Kelly's dictation over a few months. Kelly meant it to be printed in the press.", "source": "https://www.slv.vic.gov.au/search-discover/explore-collections-theme/australian-history/ned-kelly/jerilderie-letter", "tier": "primary", "quote": "dictated by Ned Kelly to fellow Kelly gang member Joe Byrne. It was written over a period of a few months" }, { "id": "f-0l1oyyc", "lib": "stegen", "field": "notable", "value": "The Guénebault collection holds about 28,000 prints from the 17th to the 19th century.", "source": "https://www.bsg.univ-paris3.fr/?surl=fonds_remarquables", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Collection Guénebault Collection d’environ 28 000 estampes du 17 e au 19 e s." }, { "id": "f-0ux5lt5", "lib": "stegen", "field": "notable", "value": "The library keeps scientific instruments, ethnographic objects and works of art from the old Sainte-Geneviève abbey, including pieces from its cabinet of curiosities.", "source": "https://www.bsg.univ-paris3.fr/?surl=presentation", "tier": "primary", "quote": "une collection d’instruments scientifiques, d’objets ethnographiques et d’œuvres d’art provenant de l’abbaye Sainte-Geneviève, notamment de son cabinet de curiosités" }, { "id": "f-08zx9ip", "lib": "stegen", "field": "notable", "value": "The reserve holds a Henri Labrouste collection of the drawings and texts behind the building of the library, dated 1843 to 1850.", "source": "https://www.bsg.univ-paris3.fr/?surl=fonds_remarquables", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Fonds Henri Labrouste Sources graphiques et textuelles de la construction de la bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève (1843-1850)" }, { "id": "f-1ozu52d", "lib": "stgallen", "field": "notable", "value": "From the 10th to the 16th century the books were kept in the Hartmut Tower, which came through several fires that raged through the abbey and the town.", "source": "https://stiftsbezirk.ch/en/stiftsbibliothek/history", "tier": "primary", "quote": "tucked safely away in the Hartmut Tower, it defied many threats and several fires that raged through the abbey and the town" }, { "id": "f-0x9do90", "lib": "stgallen", "field": "notable", "value": "The abbey's oldest library catalogue, Cod. Sang. 728, dates from about 860 to 870 and is still kept in the library.", "source": "https://stiftsbezirk.ch/en/stiftsbibliothek/manuscripts", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The oldest library catalogue in St.Gallen, c. 860/870 (St.Gallen, Abbey Library, Cod. Sang. 728, p. 12)" }, { "id": "f-04lqu95", "lib": "stgallen", "field": "notable", "value": "The library holds an Egyptian mummy, Shepenese, dated to the 7th century BC. It reached the library only after the abbey was dissolved.", "source": "https://stiftsbezirk.ch/en/stiftsbibliothek/special-collections", "tier": "primary", "quote": "One item that was not originally in the cabinet of curiosities is the Egyptian mummy Shepenese (7th c. BC)." }, { "id": "f-0arcv7i", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "notable", "value": "A stucco border around the exterior carries 294 hieroglyph-like images of the subjects found inside.", "source": "https://biblioteket.stockholm.se/about-the-stockholm-public-library-by-gunnar-asplund", "tier": "primary", "quote": "hieroglyphic-like motifs of all the subjects to be found within (294 images)" }, { "id": "f-10p6ogv", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "notable", "value": "Asplund took the pattern of the rotunda floor from the marble floor of the Pantheon in Rome.", "source": "https://biblioteket.stockholm.se/about-the-stockholm-public-library-by-gunnar-asplund", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Asplund based the pattern on the marble floor on that in the Pantheon in Rome" }, { "id": "f-1czynkb", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "notable", "value": "In Nils Dardel's fresco The Sandman, the old man with the rifle is supposed to be the painter's father-in-law, Axel Klinckowström.", "source": "https://biblioteket.stockholm.se/about-the-stockholm-public-library-by-gunnar-asplund", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The old man on the left with a rifle in his hand is supposed to be Dardel’s father-in-law, a man by the name of Axel Klinckowström" }, { "id": "f-16fbz2x", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "notable", "value": "Some of the windows in room 2 are blind, made of painted iron and polished plate glass, and reflect light to make the room look wider.", "source": "https://biblioteket.stockholm.se/about-the-stockholm-public-library-by-gunnar-asplund", "tier": "primary", "quote": "blind windows of painted iron and polished plate glass that on first glance give the impression of real windows" }, { "id": "f-0mmyhk6", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "notable", "value": "The children's library ceiling shows the night sky at 8 pm on 22 September, Asplund's birthday.", "source": "https://biblioteket.stockholm.se/about-the-stockholm-public-library-by-gunnar-asplund", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The ceiling painting in the first room shows the starry sky at 8 pm at the autumnal equinox on 22 September (Gunnar Asplund’s birthday)" }, { "id": "f-0cn68oi", "lib": "stockholm", "field": "notable", "value": "The first gallery of the rotunda opened to visitors only in 1974. Until then only librarians went up.", "source": "https://biblioteket.stockholm.se/about-the-stockholm-public-library-by-gunnar-asplund", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Gallery 1 was first opened to visitors in 1974 and the stairs up to it were built at the same time and designed by Gunnar Asplund’s son, Hans Asplund. Until then, only librarians" }, { "id": "f-1o62ko4", "lib": "strahov", "field": "notable", "value": "A star atlas made in Venice in the mid-14th century is among the library's illuminated manuscripts. It was probably in the library of Charles IV.", "source": "https://strahovskyklaster.cz/en/for-visitors/what-you-can-visit/strahov-library", "tier": "primary", "quote": "star atlas from Venice, written and decorated in the mid-14th century (exhibited in the globe collection exhibition). It was likely in the library of Charles IV." }, { "id": "f-0jtgr8g", "lib": "strahov", "field": "notable", "value": "After 1950, when Czechoslovakia abolished religious orders, the Strahov Library was incorporated into the newly established National Literature Memorial.", "source": "https://strahovskyklaster.cz/en/for-researchers/from-the-history-of-library-collections", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the Strahov Library was incorporated into the newly established National Literature Memorial" }, { "id": "f-04wrqrg", "lib": "strahov", "field": "notable", "value": "The Theological Hall holds a so-called compilation wheel, a device made for more comfortable study.", "source": "https://strahovskyklaster.cz/en/for-visitors/what-you-can-visit/strahov-library", "tier": "primary", "quote": "In the Theological Hall, you can see a device for more comfortable study, the so-called compilation wheel." }, { "id": "f-0zpudpo", "lib": "strahov", "field": "notable", "value": "The oldest manuscript in the library is a gospel book, probably written around 860 in Tours. Four full-page illuminations of the evangelists were added at Trier in the tenth century.", "source": "https://strahovskyklaster.cz/en/for-visitors/what-you-can-visit/strahov-library", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The oldest manuscript kept in the Strahov Library contains, as its name suggests, all four gospels. The text was probably written around 860 in Tours (France)" }, { "id": "f-0g86d4r", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "notable", "value": "After the last Maratha queen died, the palace property and library were tied up in the civil courts. Royal family members removed the library from the suit and endowed it to the public with one lakh rupees.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110226233412fw_/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/library/Library_History/body_library_history.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "dedicated this Library to the public with one lakh" }, { "id": "f-0tksyp9", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "notable", "value": "Ink for the manuscripts was made from sesame-oil lamp soot, acacia gum and rainwater. Paper was dipped in turmeric water to keep insects off.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2011/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/library/Departments/Manuscripts/body_manuscripts.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "The papers were dipped in turmeric water for protection from insects" }, { "id": "f-1fiwwt6", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "notable", "value": "On his pilgrimage to Banares, Serfoji II employed many pandits to collect, buy and copy a vast number of works. The library carries his name.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110226233412fw_/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/library/Library_History/body_library_history.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "employed many Pandits to collect, buy and copy a vast number of works" }, { "id": "f-14sakrp", "lib": "thanjavur", "field": "notable", "value": "The Sarasvati Mahal holds a grammar of the rare dialect Bhandira-bhasha among works the library says are unique to it.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2011/http://www.sarasvatimahallibrary.tn.nic.in/library/Departments/Manuscripts/body_manuscripts.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the grammar of the rare dialect called Bhandira-bhasha" }, { "id": "f-0ptygy2", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "notable", "value": "Fan Qin's rules for the library included a ban on entering it after drinking alcohol.", "source": "https://govt.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202212/08/WS63913c6d498ea274927aaab7/oldest-surviving-private-library-celebrates-400-years-of-history.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "Fan set up strict rules to manage his library, including one that forbade people from going there after drinking alcohol" }, { "id": "f-1nh1ie2", "lib": "tianyige", "field": "notable", "value": "In 1585, aged 80, Fan Qin split his property into savings and the library of 70,000 books and let his descendants choose. The one who took the library became its keeper.", "source": "https://govt.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202212/08/WS63913c6d498ea274927aaab7/oldest-surviving-private-library-celebrates-400-years-of-history.html", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "He asked his descendants to choose" }, { "id": "f-1utn0qo", "lib": "timbuktu", "field": "notable", "value": "A rescue worker told HMML she showed photos of the 1,400 metal boxes used to carry Timbuktu manuscripts out.", "source": "https://hmml.org/stories/a-decade-in-mali/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "She showed me photos of the 1,400 metal boxes" }, { "id": "f-0c8qp97", "lib": "timbuktu", "field": "notable", "value": "HMML counts more than 200,000 manuscripts from some 36 libraries in Timbuktu. Other figures on this site run higher, so treat the number as approximate.", "source": "https://hmml.org/stories/where-were-working-mali/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "more than 200,000 from some 36 libraries" }, { "id": "f-1j83k73", "lib": "timbuktu", "field": "notable", "value": "Libraries that stayed in Timbuktu were hidden by their owners, as families had done when the Moroccans invaded in the late sixteenth century and the French in the nineteenth.", "source": "https://hmml.org/stories/where-were-working-mali/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "hidden by their owners in the same manner as when the Moroccans invaded in the late sixteenth century" }, { "id": "f-0d3cjgl", "lib": "timbuktu", "field": "notable", "value": "The Mamma Haidara Family Library is one of the largest private manuscript collections in Timbuktu. Some of its documents date to the 13th century.", "source": "https://hmml.org/stories/hmml-digitizes-timbuktus-historic-manuscript-collections/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "has one of the largest private manuscript collections in Timbuktu, and some of its documents date back to the 13th century" }, { "id": "f-07c5b97", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "notable", "value": "In 2006 Gabriel Orozco installed an 11.7 metre grey whale skeleton in the library. It was found beached on Isla Arena in Baja California.", "source": "https://www.tate.org.uk/tate-etc/issue-21-spring-2011/where-can-i-get-whale-skeleton", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "installed an 11.7 metre grey whale skeleton in Mexico City" }, { "id": "f-1tcsrtq", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "notable", "value": "The book stacks are painted military green and hang from steel girders above the main hall.", "source": "https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/3689-kalach-s-mexico-city-library-shuttered", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "The book stacks, painted military green, are suspended above the hall by steel girders" }, { "id": "f-09d5bsd", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "notable", "value": "The botanical garden covers 70 per cent of the site and holds almost 60,000 plants of 168 species, according to El Universal.", "source": "https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/destinos/conoce-la-biblioteca-vasconcelos-la-mas-grande-de-mexico/", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "168 especies de árboles, arbustos y hierbas" }, { "id": "f-0jtf5gs", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "notable", "value": "The library closed in March 2007 with more than 3,000 unfinished tasks. Critics said the Fox government had rushed construction to open before a hotly contested election.", "source": "https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/3689-kalach-s-mexico-city-library-shuttered", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "list of more than 3,000 unfinished tasks" }, { "id": "f-0rykfnx", "lib": "vasconcelos", "field": "notable", "value": "The reassembled whale skeleton consists of 169 bones, with only one of the tympanums missing.", "source": "https://www.tate.org.uk/tate-etc/issue-21-spring-2011/where-can-i-get-whale-skeleton", "tier": "secondary", "quote": "consisted of 169 bones" }, { "id": "f-1yirsfo", "lib": "vatican", "field": "notable", "value": "In 1902 the library bought its old seventeenth-century rival, the Barberini Library, together with the baroque shelving that held it.", "source": "https://www.vaticanlibrary.va/en/the-library/history-of-BAV.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "purchased the Barberini Library, which had rivalled it in importance in the seventeenth century, along with the Barberini Archives and the baroque wooden shelving" }, { "id": "f-1ly4xsi", "lib": "vatican", "field": "notable", "value": "In 1927 Pius XI turned the old stables in the Belvedere courtyard, made redundant by the motor car, into stacks for printed books.", "source": "https://www.vaticanlibrary.va/en/the-library/history-of-BAV.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "rendered the old stables in the Cortile del Belvedere (to one’s right when facing the entrance to the Library), Pope Pius XI (1922-1939) decided to transform them into stacks" }, { "id": "f-0fs4tpr", "lib": "vatican", "field": "notable", "value": "Part of the medieval papal library, left at Avignon, passed to the Borghese family in the 1600s and was bought by Leo XIII in 1891.", "source": "https://www.vaticanlibrary.va/en/the-library/history-of-BAV.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "what remained in Avignon at the beginning of the seventeenth century came into the collection of the Borghese family, purchased in 1891 by Leo XIII" }, { "id": "f-0ubo9zt", "lib": "vatican", "field": "notable", "value": "Readers could borrow books from the early library, and the loan registers for 1475 to 1547 survive.", "source": "https://www.vaticanlibrary.va/en/the-library/history-of-BAV.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "the records of the books loaned during the years 1475-1547 are still in existence" }, { "id": "f-0mx9jqm", "lib": "vatican", "field": "notable", "value": "The French occupations of Rome in 1798-99 and 1809 cost the library nearly all of its coin and medal collection.", "source": "https://www.vaticanlibrary.va/en/the-library/history-of-BAV.html", "tier": "primary", "quote": "led to considerable losses, including that of nearly all the numismatic collection which had been gathered up until then" }, { "id": "f-03zgmzr", "lib": "vikramashila", "field": "notable", "value": "Atisha is sometimes listed as a notable abbot of Vikramashila.", "source": "https://bstdc.bihar.gov.in/vikramshila.htm", "tier": "primary", "quote": "is sometimes listed as a notable abbot" }, { "id": "f-0yl1cjj", "lib": "vikramashila", "field": "notable", "value": "Excavators found brick-arched underground chambers beneath some monk cells. The Survey thinks they were probably for confined meditation.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2016/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_bihar_vikramshila.asp", "tier": "primary", "quote": "probably meant for confined meditation by the monks" }, { "id": "f-10s3vio", "lib": "vikramashila", "field": "notable", "value": "The Archaeological Survey of India says the library building was cooled by water from the adjoining reservoir, run through vents in its back wall. It suggests this was meant to protect fragile manuscripts.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2016/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_bihar_vikramshila.asp", "tier": "primary", "quote": "It was air-conditioned by cooled water of the adjoining reservoir through a range of vents in the back wall." }, { "id": "f-0u4s2xz", "lib": "vikramashila", "field": "notable", "value": "The Bihar tourism corporation says Dharmapala founded Vikramashila in response to a supposed decline in scholarship at Nalanda.", "source": "https://bstdc.bihar.gov.in/vikramshila.htm", "tier": "primary", "quote": "in response to a supposed decline in the quality of scholarship at Nalanda" }, { "id": "f-0pn64k8", "lib": "vikramashila", "field": "notable", "value": "The Survey puts the university at more than a hundred teachers and about a thousand students.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2016/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_bihar_vikramshila.asp", "tier": "primary", "quote": "more than hundred teachers and about one thousand students" }, { "id": "f-1fn1vkm", "lib": "vikramashila", "field": "notable", "value": "Vikramashila is known mainly from Tibetan sources, above all the writings of the monk historian Taranatha, not from Indian chronicles.", "source": "https://web.archive.org/web/2016/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_bihar_vikramshila.asp", "tier": "primary", "quote": "It is known to us mainly through Tibetan sources specially the writings of Taranath" }, { "id": "f-01jp0ob", "lib": "weimar", "field": "notable", "value": "About 25,000 badly burnt book blocks, plus many fragments, called ash books, were recovered from the rubble. Since 2008 some have been restored by a mass process the library calls unique worldwide.", "source": "https://www.klassik-stiftung.de/herzogin-anna-amalia-bibliothek/projekte/identifikation-von-aschebuechern/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "die sogenannten Aschebücher. Ein Teil von ihnen wird seit 2008 in einem weltweit einzigartigen Mengenverfahren restauriert" }, { "id": "f-0533gym", "lib": "weimar", "field": "notable", "value": "After the 2004 fire, single leaves carried by the wind into the streets and gardens of Weimar were still being handed to the library months later.", "source": "https://www.klassik-stiftung.de/herzogin-anna-amalia-bibliothek/projekte/identifikation-von-aschebuechern/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Einzelne Blätter, die der Wind in die Straßen und Gärten Weimars getragen hatte, wurden der Bibliothek noch Monate nach dem Brand übergeben" }, { "id": "f-038mzfc", "lib": "weimar", "field": "notable", "value": "The Book Tower's top gallery holds the Weimar military library, described as the most completely preserved German military library of around 1800.", "source": "https://www.klassik-stiftung.de/herzogin-anna-amalia-bibliothek/besuch/buecherturm/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Sie ist heute die am vollständigsten erhaltene Militärbibliothek Deutschlands der Zeit um 1800" }, { "id": "f-1hyzlkr", "lib": "weimar", "field": "notable", "value": "The spiral staircase in the Book Tower has a spindle made from a single oak trunk twelve metres high, which came from the Osterburg in Weida.", "source": "https://www.klassik-stiftung.de/herzogin-anna-amalia-bibliothek/besuch/buecherturm/", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Die Spindel der Treppe ist aus einem einzigen, zwölf Meter hohen Eichenstamm gefertigt und stammt ursprünglich aus der Osterburg in Weida." }, { "id": "f-1wqfdbf", "lib": "wiblingen", "field": "notable", "value": "After secularisation the monastery briefly became a ducal residence, then served as an infantry barracks known as the Schlosskaserne.", "source": "https://www.kloster-wiblingen.de/wissenswert-amuesant/meilensteine", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Dann machte Herzog Heinrich von Württemberg Wiblingen für kurze Zeit zum Schloss. Später wurde Wiblingen dauerhaft als Infanteriekaserne genutzt" }, { "id": "f-03gtcsb", "lib": "wiblingen", "field": "notable", "value": "At the centre of the 1744 ceiling fresco is a woman ringed by angels, who stands for divine wisdom ruling over all.", "source": "https://www.kloster-wiblingen.de/erlebnis-kloster-garten/kloster-garten/gebaeude/bibliothekssaal", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Im Mittelpunkt des Gemäldes steht eine von Engeln umgebene Frauengestalt: die göttliche Weisheit, die über allem herrscht." }, { "id": "f-1sqof4b", "lib": "wiblingen", "field": "notable", "value": "The monastery's own account says the ghost of Father Johannes, a forgetful 18th-century priest, comes to the library hall every night to look for a book holding his confession notes. It presents this as a legend.", "source": "https://www.kloster-wiblingen.de/wissenswert-amuesant/anekdoten/das-buch-mit-dem-zettel", "tier": "primary", "quote": "Seitdem, so erzählt man sich, muss Pater Johannes jede Nacht in den Bibliothekssaal kommen, um nach dem Buch mit dem Notizzettel zu suchen" } ]